1. CONFINE SPACE

2. Any area or container that has:
A CONFINE SPACE IS
Any area or container that has:
A limited openings for entry and exit,
unfavorable natural ventilation that could contain or produce dangerous air contaminants, and
not intended for continuous employee occupancy.

3. EXAMPLES OF A CONFINE SPACE
boilers
cupolas
degreasers
furnaces
pipelines
pits
pumping stations

4. EXAMPLES OF A CONFINE SPACE
or process vessels
septic tanks
sewage digesters
sewers
silos
storage tanks
ships holds
tunnels

5. EXAMPLES OF A CONFINE SPACE
underground utility vaults
vats
ventilation and exhaust ducts

6. WHY DO PEOPLE ENTER INTO CONFINE SPACES?
People enter to perform inspection, repair, maintenance (cleaning or painting), control collision .
Entry may also be during new construction.
Major reasons is to carry out work or important activities

7. COMMON HAZARDS IN MOST CONFINE SPACES
Oxygen-Deficient atmospheres
Flammable atmospheres
Toxic atmospheres
Falling objects
Trapped in between

8. OXYGEN DEFICIENT ATMOSPHERES
Oxygen-Deficient atmospheres have less than 19.5% oxygen and should not be entered without approved self-contained breathing apparatus (SCBA). The type of work being done (welding, cutting or brazing) or certain chemical reactions (rusting) or bacterial action (fermentation) can reduce the oxygen level. Or oxygen can be replaced by a heavier gas (carbon dioxide or nitrogen).

9. FLAMMABLE ATMOSPHERES
Flammable atmospheres are caused by an oxygen-enriched atmosphere (above 21 percent), and a flammable gas, vapor or dust in the proper proportion. If sparking, electrical tool or other source of ignition is used in this scenario and explosion will occur.

10. TOXIC ATMOSPHERES
Toxic atmospheres are created from toxic substances from the:
Product stored in the space
Work being performed in a confined space
Areas adjacent to the confined space
Product stored in the space can be absorbed into the walls and give off toxic gases when removed. Toxic gases can be given off when cleaning out residue of the stored product.

11. PHYSICAL HAZARDS
Temperature extremes—extremely hot or cold temperatures can cause harm to workers.
Engulfment—Grain, sand, coal or other loose, granular material stored in bins and hoppers can engulf and suffocate a worker. It can also form a crust or bridge in a bin and break loose under the weight of a worker.

12. PHYSICAL HAZARDS
Noise—amplifies in a confined space and damage the worker’s hearing and interfere with communications and shouted warnings.
Slick or Wet Surfaces—Slips and falls can cause injuries and deaths and increase the risk and results of electric shock from circuits, equipment and tools.

13. CONFINE SPACE RISK MANAGEMENT STRATEGIES.
Atmosphere Testing
Some gases and vapors are heavier than air (hydrogen sulfide) and sink to the bottom of confined spaces, others are lighter than air (methane) and rise to the top of the spaces, and others are same weight as air (carbon monoxide).

14. CONFINE SPACE RISK MANAGEMENT STRATEGIES.
Atmosphere Testing
Therefore, it is important to test top, middle and bottom of the confined space from the outside with a properly calibrated instrument to find out what gases are present. If oxygen deficiency or toxic gases or vapors are found, ventilate and retest before workers are allowed to enter. If ventilation is impossible and entry is necessary (emergency rescue) provide workers with appropriate respiratory protection.

15. CONFINE SPACE RISK MANAGEMENT STRATEGIES.
Artificial ventilation
A blower or fan is used to remove toxic gases and vapors from a confined space. The method and equipment used depend on the size of the entry, the gases to be exhausted and the source of air replacement air.

16. CONFINE SPACE RISK MANAGEMENT STRATEGIES.
ISOLATION
The confined space is removed from service by lockout (electrical sources), blanking and bleeding (pneumatic and hydraulic lines), disconnecting (belt and chain drives, and mechanical linkages on shaft-driven equipment where possible) and securing (mechanical moving parts with latches, chains, chocks and blocks).

17. CONFINE SPACE RISK MANAGEMENT STRATEGIES.
RESPIRATORS
Respirators are personal protective equipment that allows workers to safely breathe without inhaling toxic gases or particles. Air-purifying respirator filters dangerous substances from the air. Air-supplying respirators deliver a supply of safe air from a tank or an uncontaminated area nearby. Select the proper PPE for the job, the hazard and the person. Thoroughly train workers in the use and limitations of respirators before they are allowed to use them in a confined space situation.

18. CONFINE SPACE RISK MANAGEMENT STRATEGIES.
STAND BY RESCUE TEAM
More than 50 percent of the workers who die in confined spaces are attempting to rescue others. Rescuers must be trained to follow established emergency procedures and use proper equipment and techniques. Rescues should be planned and drills should be run to get people familiar with emergency procedures.

19. WARNING.
ALL CONFINE SPACES REQUIRES PROPER JHA AND WRITTEN PERMIT SYSTEMS BEFORE ENTERING.
Never trust your senses to determine if the air in a confined space is safe. Many toxic gases and vapors are invisible and odorless, and the percentage of oxygen cannot be determined by any of the five senses.

20. WARNING.
A person should be assigned to remain on standby outside of the confined space and remain in constant communication with the worker(s) inside. They should only enter the space after help arrives and only with the proper lifelines and respirators.

21. CONFINE SPACE

22. Any area or container that has:
A CONFINE SPACE IS
Any area or container that has:
A limited openings for entry and exit,
unfavorable natural ventilation that could contain or produce dangerous air contaminants, and
not intended for continuous employee occupancy.

23. EXAMPLES OF A CONFINE SPACE
boilers
cupolas
degreasers
furnaces
pipelines
pits
pumping stations

24. EXAMPLES OF A CONFINE SPACE
or process vessels
septic tanks
sewage digesters
sewers
silos
storage tanks
ships holds
tunnels

25. EXAMPLES OF A CONFINE SPACE
underground utility vaults
vats
ventilation and exhaust ducts

26. WHY DO PEOPLE ENTER INTO CONFINE SPACES?
People enter to perform inspection, repair, maintenance (cleaning or painting), control collision .
Entry may also be during new construction.
Major reasons is to carry out work or important activities

27. COMMON HAZARDS IN MOST CONFINE SPACES
Oxygen-Deficient atmospheres
Flammable atmospheres
Toxic atmospheres
Falling objects
Trapped in between

28. OXYGEN DEFICIENT ATMOSPHERES
Oxygen-Deficient atmospheres have less than 19.5% oxygen and should not be entered without approved self-contained breathing apparatus (SCBA). The type of work being done (welding, cutting or brazing) or certain chemical reactions (rusting) or bacterial action (fermentation) can reduce the oxygen level. Or oxygen can be replaced by a heavier gas (carbon dioxide or nitrogen).

29. FLAMMABLE ATMOSPHERES
Flammable atmospheres are caused by an oxygen-enriched atmosphere (above 21 percent), and a flammable gas, vapor or dust in the proper proportion. If sparking, electrical tool or other source of ignition is used in this scenario and explosion will occur.

30. TOXIC ATMOSPHERES
Toxic atmospheres are created from toxic substances from the:
Product stored in the space
Work being performed in a confined space
Areas adjacent to the confined space
Product stored in the space can be absorbed into the walls and give off toxic gases when removed. Toxic gases can be given off when cleaning out residue of the stored product.

31. PHYSICAL HAZARDS
Temperature extremes—extremely hot or cold temperatures can cause harm to workers.
Engulfment—Grain, sand, coal or other loose, granular material stored in bins and hoppers can engulf and suffocate a worker. It can also form a crust or bridge in a bin and break loose under the weight of a worker.

32. PHYSICAL HAZARDS
Noise—amplifies in a confined space and damage the worker’s hearing and interfere with communications and shouted warnings.
Slick or Wet Surfaces—Slips and falls can cause injuries and deaths and increase the risk and results of electric shock from circuits, equipment and tools.

33. CONFINE SPACE RISK MANAGEMENT STRATEGIES.
Atmosphere Testing
Some gases and vapors are heavier than air (hydrogen sulfide) and sink to the bottom of confined spaces, others are lighter than air (methane) and rise to the top of the spaces, and others are same weight as air (carbon monoxide).

34. CONFINE SPACE RISK MANAGEMENT STRATEGIES.
Atmosphere Testing
Therefore, it is important to test top, middle and bottom of the confined space from the outside with a properly calibrated instrument to find out what gases are present. If oxygen deficiency or toxic gases or vapors are found, ventilate and retest before workers are allowed to enter. If ventilation is impossible and entry is necessary (emergency rescue) provide workers with appropriate respiratory protection.

35. CONFINE SPACE RISK MANAGEMENT STRATEGIES.
Artificial ventilation
A blower or fan is used to remove toxic gases and vapors from a confined space. The method and equipment used depend on the size of the entry, the gases to be exhausted and the source of air replacement air.

36. CONFINE SPACE RISK MANAGEMENT STRATEGIES.
ISOLATION
The confined space is removed from service by lockout (electrical sources), blanking and bleeding (pneumatic and hydraulic lines), disconnecting (belt and chain drives, and mechanical linkages on shaft-driven equipment where possible) and securing (mechanical moving parts with latches, chains, chocks and blocks).

37. CONFINE SPACE RISK MANAGEMENT STRATEGIES.
RESPIRATORS
Respirators are personal protective equipment that allows workers to safely breathe without inhaling toxic gases or particles. Air-purifying respirator filters dangerous substances from the air. Air-supplying respirators deliver a supply of safe air from a tank or an uncontaminated area nearby. Select the proper PPE for the job, the hazard and the person. Thoroughly train workers in the use and limitations of respirators before they are allowed to use them in a confined space situation.

38. CONFINE SPACE RISK MANAGEMENT STRATEGIES.
STAND BY RESCUE TEAM
More than 50 percent of the workers who die in confined spaces are attempting to rescue others. Rescuers must be trained to follow established emergency procedures and use proper equipment and techniques. Rescues should be planned and drills should be run to get people familiar with emergency procedures.

39. WARNING.
ALL CONFINE SPACES REQUIRE PROPER JHA AND WRITTEN PERMIT SYSTEMS BEFORE ENTERING.
Never trust your senses to determine if the air in a confined space is safe. Many toxic gases and vapors are invisible and odorless, and the percentage of oxygen cannot be determined by any of the five senses.

40. WARNING.
A person should be assigned to remain on standby outside of the confined space and remain in constant communication with the worker(s) inside. They should only enter the space after help arrives and only with the proper lifelines and respirators.

41. THE END
THANK YOU AND GOD BLESS YOU

42. CONFINE SPACE

43. Any area or container that has:
A CONFINE SPACE IS
Any area or container that has:
A limited openings for entry and exit,
unfavorable natural ventilation that could contain or produce dangerous air contaminants, and
not intended for continuous employee occupancy.

44. EXAMPLES OF A CONFINE SPACE
boilers
cupolas
degreasers
furnaces
pipelines
pits
pumping stations

45. EXAMPLES OF A CONFINE SPACE
or process vessels
septic tanks
sewage digesters
sewers
silos
storage tanks
ships holds
tunnels

46. EXAMPLES OF A CONFINE SPACE
underground utility vaults
vats
ventilation and exhaust ducts

47. WHY DO PEOPLE ENTER INTO CONFINE SPACES?
People enter to perform inspection, repair, maintenance (cleaning or painting), control collision .
Entry may also be during new construction.
Major reasons is to carry out work or important activities

48. COMMON HAZARDS IN MOST CONFINE SPACES
Oxygen-Deficient atmospheres
Flammable atmospheres
Toxic atmospheres
Falling objects
Trapped in between

49. OXYGEN DEFICIENT ATMOSPHERES
Oxygen-Deficient atmospheres have less than 19.5% oxygen and should not be entered without approved self-contained breathing apparatus (SCBA). The type of work being done (welding, cutting or brazing) or certain chemical reactions (rusting) or bacterial action (fermentation) can reduce the oxygen level. Or oxygen can be replaced by a heavier gas (carbon dioxide or nitrogen).

50. FLAMMABLE ATMOSPHERES
Flammable atmospheres are caused by an oxygen-enriched atmosphere (above 21 percent), and a flammable gas, vapor or dust in the proper proportion. If sparking, electrical tool or other source of ignition is used in this scenario and explosion will occur.

51. TOXIC ATMOSPHERES
Toxic atmospheres are created from toxic substances from the:
Product stored in the space
Work being performed in a confined space
Areas adjacent to the confined space
Product stored in the space can be absorbed into the walls and give off toxic gases when removed. Toxic gases can be given off when cleaning out residue of the stored product.

52. PHYSICAL HAZARDS
Temperature extremes—extremely hot or cold temperatures can cause harm to workers.
Engulfment—Grain, sand, coal or other loose, granular material stored in bins and hoppers can engulf and suffocate a worker. It can also form a crust or bridge in a bin and break loose under the weight of a worker.

53. PHYSICAL HAZARDS
Noise—amplifies in a confined space and damage the worker’s hearing and interfere with communications and shouted warnings.
Slick or Wet Surfaces—Slips and falls can cause injuries and deaths and increase the risk and results of electric shock from circuits, equipment and tools.

54. CONFINE SPACE RISK MANAGEMENT STRATEGIES.
Atmosphere Testing
Some gases and vapors are heavier than air (hydrogen sulfide) and sink to the bottom of confined spaces, others are lighter than air (methane) and rise to the top of the spaces, and others are same weight as air (carbon monoxide).

55. CONFINE SPACE RISK MANAGEMENT STRATEGIES.
Atmosphere Testing
Therefore, it is important to test top, middle and bottom of the confined space from the outside with a properly calibrated instrument to find out what gases are present. If oxygen deficiency or toxic gases or vapors are found, ventilate and retest before workers are allowed to enter. If ventilation is impossible and entry is necessary (emergency rescue) provide workers with appropriate respiratory protection.

56. CONFINE SPACE RISK MANAGEMENT STRATEGIES.
Artificial ventilation
A blower or fan is used to remove toxic gases and vapors from a confined space. The method and equipment used depend on the size of the entry, the gases to be exhausted and the source of air replacement air.

57. CONFINE SPACE RISK MANAGEMENT STRATEGIES.
ISOLATION
The confined space is removed from service by lockout (electrical sources), blanking and bleeding (pneumatic and hydraulic lines), disconnecting (belt and chain drives, and mechanical linkages on shaft-driven equipment where possible) and securing (mechanical moving parts with latches, chains, chocks and blocks).

58. CONFINE SPACE RISK MANAGEMENT STRATEGIES.
RESPIRATORS
Respirators are personal protective equipment that allows workers to safely breathe without inhaling toxic gases or particles. Air-purifying respirator filters dangerous substances from the air. Air-supplying respirators deliver a supply of safe air from a tank or an uncontaminated area nearby. Select the proper PPE for the job, the hazard and the person. Thoroughly train workers in the use and limitations of respirators before they are allowed to use them in a confined space situation.

59. CONFINE SPACE RISK MANAGEMENT STRATEGIES.
STAND BY RESCUE TEAM
More than 50 percent of the workers who die in confined spaces are attempting to rescue others. Rescuers must be trained to follow established emergency procedures and use proper equipment and techniques. Rescues should be planned and drills should be run to get people familiar with emergency procedures.

60. WARNING.
ALL CONFINE SPACES REQUIRE PROPER JHA AND WRITTEN PERMIT SYSTEMS BEFORE ENTERING.
Never trust your senses to determine if the air in a confined space is safe. Many toxic gases and vapors are invisible and odorless, and the percentage of oxygen cannot be determined by any of the five senses.

61. WARNING.
A person should be assigned to remain on standby outside of the confined space and remain in constant communication with the worker(s) inside. They should only enter the space after help arrives and only with the proper lifelines and respirators.