1. AGE OF EXPLORATION-PORTUGUESE, DUTCH & SPANISH

2. REVIEW What drove Europeans to explore the World?
What motivated them? 3 Gs…
Advances in Technology (Compass, Astrolabe, Caravel)
Portuguese (Prince Henry, Bartholomeu Dias, Vasco de Gama)
Spain (Christopher Columbus, Amerigo Vespucci, Ferdinand Magellan)
Line of Demarcation---signal to Europe

3. PORTUGAL BUILDS EASTERN EMPIRE
Why Portugal?
Got to India first, and the Caravel was unmatched
Following Vasco de Gama’s voyage, the Portuguese burst into the Indian Ocean
Previously established trade outposts→vast trading empire
Who stood in the way of the Portuguese?

4. PORTUGAL BUILDS EASTERN EMPIRE
Mughal Empire---Muslims that ruled much of India
Southern regions of India controlled by Princes, Portuguese won them over w/promises of future assistance
Goal of Portuguese→end Muslim power (religion?) & turn the Indian Ocean into a “Portuguese Lake”
Within 50 years, vast trading empire w/military & merchant outposts
Not overly successful; lacked resources & faced too much resistance

5. RISE OF THE DUTCH
1st Europeans to challenge Portuguese domination of Asian trade
1599-Fleet returned from Asia after a year w/wealth of spices→frenzy of overseas activity (SPICES AGAIN)
Strategic settlement at Cape Town

6. DUTCH EAST INDIA COMPANY
Formed in 1602 by group of wealthy Dutch merchants
“Vereenigde Oostindische Compagnie”
Full sovereign powers
Build armies, wage wars, negotiate peace treaties, govern overseas territories
Complete control, like it was it’s own nation

8. DUTCH EAST INDIA COMPANY
By 1641, had a monopoly on the Spice Islands
Why were the Spice Islands desirable?
What is a monopoly? What does this mean for the Dutch?
Controlled trade within Southeast Asia, as well as that of Europe
First multinational corporation
By the late 1700s, Britain & France challenged & brought it down

9. SPAIN SEIZES THE PHILIPPINES
Shifted focus from crowded Indian market, to Philippines
Magellan claimed the islands for Spain in 1521 & within 50 years, the Spanish conquered & colonized the islands
Convert the Filipinos to Christianity---divine duty!
Key link in Spanish trading empire
Shipped silver mined in Mexico & Peru (Americas are tomorrow) across the Pacific to the Philippines
Used silver to buy goods in China

12. REVIEW Portugal -Why them? -Goal? -Successful? Dutch
-1st Euros to challenge Portugal
-Dutch East India Company---Nation of its own
Spanish
-Turned to the Philippines---why?