1. Daily Warm Up
All of the following were important factors in post-Civil War industrial expansion EXCEPT?
a. a large pool of unskilled labor c. an abundance of natural resources
b. American ingenuity and inventiveness d. immigration restrictions
By the end of the 1800s, the use of pools, trusts, and holding companies by big businesses resulted in?
a. a concentration of economic power in the hands of a few
b. a slowing in the growth rate of the economy
c. a more even distribution of wealth
d. an increase in costs of production
The term “robber barons” is used to describe many industrialists of the late 19th century mainly because they
a. made large charitable donations to worthy causes
b. sought to maximize profits by eliminating competition and exploiting workers
c. attempted to stimulate the economy by keeping the prices of their products as low as possible
d. opposed the entry of poor and uneducated immigrants into the United States

2. US History Chapter 24 / Part 3 “The Labor Unions” Essential Questions:
Describe the impact of Industrialization on workers.
Compare the KOL to the AFL in membership, tactics, and success.
Analyze the attitude of the government and public to strikes.

3. The Changing American Labor Force

4. Activity “Analyzing Primary Sources”:
How did Industrialization IMPACT labor?
Who is doing the work?
What are the hazards?
What type of work are they doing?
What was it like to live (and work) during this time period?
PREDICT what will happen to improve labor conditions. Who should be responsible?

7. A group of miners pose for a picture……. 2000 feet underground
A group of miners pose for a picture…… feet underground. That is almost ½ of a mile!

8. 3 miners waiting to use the primitive elevator to lower them into the mining shaft for a days work

10. Children stand on the machine while it is in motion.

11. Here is a SIX year old girl working in a cotton mill

12. Look carefully, what is missing?

14. A candle would be placed into his hat to provide light while working in the mines.

15. The taller boy standing to the right oversees the breaker boys who separate the coal from the stones during mining. The machine used is moving quickly and they are not allowed to wear gloves! Why might this be dangerous?

16. Women in the Workplace

17. Women canning fruits in order to preserve them!

20. URBAN LABOR
-increased 400% by 1890
CONDITIONS:
-mostly unskilled labor
-wage earners vulnerable to employer; no job security
-assembly line work
-repetitive and impersonal
-child labor
-speed most important

21. WORKING CONDITIONS
-sweatshops
-low wages
-long hours
-dangerous conditions
-company towns
-entire life dedicated to factory and controlled by employer

22. “Galley Labor”

23. Labor Unrest:

24. Trade v. Industrial Unions
Skilled workers only in 1 trade (steel, oil, etc.)
Industrial:
Skilled and Unskilled workers in any industry

25. An injury to one is the concern of all!
Knights of Labor
Terence V. Powderly
An injury to one is the concern of all!
Nation’s 1st Industrial Union: Allowed both Skilled and Unskilled laborers to join; Blacks and Women allowed

26. Goals of the Knights of Labor
Eight-hour workday.
Abolition of child and prison labor.
Equal pay for men and women.
Safety codes in the workplace.

27. HAYMARKET SQUARE -Chicago strike of May 4, 1886
Gathered to protest the killing of strikers by the police
-bomb thrown at protest
-several people killed including 8 policemen
-union activity was blamed for the violence, and people began to turn against labor unions:
Knights of Labor became associated with radicals=membership declined!

28. Haymarket Martyrs

29. The American Federation of Labor: 1886
An association of TRADE (craft) unions unified by the AFL; only accepted SKILLED laborers, no women or blacks
Leader:Samuel Gompers

30. How the AF of L Would Help the Workers
Catered to the skilled worker.
Maintained a national strike fund.
Mediated disputes between management and labor.
Pushed for closed shops.

31. Management vs. Labor “Tools” of Management “Tools” of Labor
“scabs”- replacement workers
Pinkertons: private armies
Lockout: lock doors, refuse to let workers work
Blacklisting: place name on list of unhirables
court injunctions: court orders you back to work or lose job
boycotts
closed shops: all workers in industry have to be union
organized strikes
“wildcat” strikes

32. The Corporate “Bully-Boys”: Pinkerton Agents

33. A Striker Confronts a SCAB!

34. The Great Railroad Strike of 1877

35. The Great Railroad Strike of 1877
1st Nationwide strike
-Paralyzed railroads as 100,000 workers striked
-President Hayes sent in federal troops: set a precedent of future government intervention on behalf of the BUSINESS owners, not the labor!

36. The Tournament of Today: A Set-to Between Labor and Monopoly

37. INDUSTRIAL UNIONS
-Eugene V. Debs
-leader of Socialist Party
-United RR workers Union
-Pullman Coach strike, 1894
-Government steps in –Debs is jailed (becomes a socialist)
-Strike is put down by COURT INJUNCTION

38. The Pullman Strike of 1894

39. President Grover Cleveland
If it takes the entire army and navy to deliver a postal card in Chicago, that card will be delivered!

40. Government by injunction!
The Pullman Strike of 1894
Government by injunction!

41. International Workers of the World (“Wobblies”)

42. Pressure on Gov’t
-public supports the plight of workers but likes cheap products
-Triangle Shirtwaist Factory Fire
-gov’t regulations on working conditions and child labor
-Homestead Strike
-violent strike between workers and owners of Carnegie’s steel mills
-damaged Carnegie’s Image

43. Homestead Steel Strike (1892)
Homestead Steel Works
The Amalgamated Association of Iron & Steel Workers

44. Triangle Shirtwaist Factory Asch Building, 8th and 10th Floors

45. Inside the Building After the Fire

47. Crumpled Fire Escape, 26 Died

48. Dead Bodies on the Sidewalk

49. Scene at the Morgue

50. Relatives Review Bodies 145 Dead

51. Labor Unions March as Mourners

52. Out of the Ashes NYC created a Bureau of Fire Prevention.
New strict building codes were passed.
Tougher fire inspection of sweatshops.
Growing momentum of support for women’s suffrage.

53. Workers Benefits Today

54. Activities and Homework
Finish “Blood is Spilled” video on the Homestead Strike
Check Ch. 24 Guided Reading answers part III
Labor Unions Graphic Organizer Study Guide sheet (due Monday along WITH Ch. 25 part 1 Reading Questions)