1. Ms. Hoang’s ACP Chemistry
Atomic Orbital
Ms. Hoang’s ACP Chemistry

2. Concept Inventory True or False
______ According to current theory, electrons travel in concentric circles around the nucleus.
______ These concentric circles are called orbitals.
______ Orbitals are different from orbits.
______ The probability map of finding electron is called an orbital.
______ The energy level of each orbital is discrete and can be expressed in whole numbers n = 1, 2, 3, 4, 5,…
______ All orbitals are spherical shaped
______ One orbital can hold as many as 10 electrons

3. Wave Mechanical Model of the Atom
Orbitals = electron cloud = probability map of finding electrons = easier to find electrons in the shaded regions
The size of an atom is described as 90% probability of finding an electron at a given point in space

4. Hydrogen Energy Levels

5. Principal Energy Levels
Electrons in an atom are contained in specific energy levels that are different distance from the nucleus
Larger number = larger orbital (SIZE)
Characterizes the energy of the electron in a particular orbital
Designated by whole numbers and symbolized by n
n = 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6,….. infinity

6. Sublevels
Within each energy level is a volume of space where specific electrons are likely to be located.
These spaces, called sublevels, are of different shapes
The number of sublevels = n
s orbitals: spherical
p orbitals: like two balloons tied at the knots
d orbitals: mainly like 4 balloons tied at the knot

7. The s orbital Each principal energy level has one s orbital
Lowest energy orbital
Spherical

8. The p orbitals Each principal energy level has three p orbitals
2nd lowest energy orbitals in principal energy level
Two-lobed

9. The d orbitals Each principal energy level has five d orbitals
3nd lowest energy orbitals in principal energy level
four-lobed

10. Summary

11. Pauli exclusion principle
An atomic orbital can hold a maximum of two electrons, and those two electrons must have opposite spins

12. Concept Check-in True or False
______ According to current theory, electrons travel in concentric circles around the nucleus.
______ These concentric circles are called orbitals.
______ Orbitals are different from orbits.
______ The probability map of finding electron is called an orbital.
______ The energy level of each orbital is discrete and can be expressed in whole numbers n = 1, 2, 3, 4, 5,…
______ All orbitals are spherical shaped
______ One orbital can hold as many as 10 electrons