1. Chapter 19 Periodic table Notes

2. Periodic means repeating pattern
Mendeleev was the first to arrange the elements in ascending order by atomic mass

3. The Modern Periodic table was organized by Henri Moseley
He arranged the elements according to atomic number

4. Vertical columns on the periodic table are called groups or families
There are 18 groups
Elements in the same group have similar properties. They have the same valence ( outer number on energy levels) number

5. Horizontal rows on the periodic table are called periods
There are 7 periods on the table
Represent the number of energy levels for each element in that period

6. Metals are located on the left of the stair step line

7. Nonmetals are located on the right of the stair step line

8. Metalloids touch the stair step line
Also called semi metals or semi conductors

9. Valence electrons- number of electrons in the outer energy level
Each group has the same valence number

10. Metals Ductile.. Drawn into thin wires
Malleable.. Hammered in to thin sheets
Soft
Luster.. Shiny
Good conductors of electricity

11. nonmetals Not malleable Not ductile Not good conductors of electricity
Brittle…. Break easily
Dull… no shine

12. metalloids On the zig zag line Properties of both metals and nonmetals
Semiconductors
Semi-metals

13. Group 1 Alkali family Valence= 1 Most reactive metals
Combine easily with group 17
All properties of metals
Oxidation number 1

14. Group 2 Alkaline Metals
Valence = 2
All metals
Ox number 2

15. 3-12 Transition Metals Includes the coinage metals: Ag, Cu, Au
Valence = 2 or 3 or 4.. Depends on bond

16. Group 13 Boron Family Valence = 3 Metalloids and metals
Aluminum is sometimes called a metal
Ox. Number 3

17. Group 14 Carbon Family Valence 4 Metals, nonmetals, metalloids
Ox number 4

18. Group 15 Nitrogen Group Valence = 5 Nonmetals, metalloids and metals
Ox number 3

19. Group 16 Oxygen Family Valence = 6 Nonmetals and metalloids
Polonium is radioactive
Ox number 2

20. Group 17 Halogens Valence = 7 Combines easily with group 1
Nonmetals and one metalloid
Ox number -1

21. Group 18 Noble Gas Also known as the Inert Gas Family
“inert” means lazy
Do not combine with any other group
Valence 8
All gases, nonmetals and lightweight
Very stable

22. Valence electrons- number of electrons in the outer energy

23. Lanthanide Series
1st row of the Rare Earth Elements
57-71
All metals

24. Actinide Series 2nd row of the Rare Earth Elements 89-103
Many radioactive elements: plutonium, uranium, thallium
Most are synthetic elements
All metals

25. Vocabulary Synthetic- man made
Oxidation number - number of electrons an atom will gain, lose or share to reach the magic number 8
Radioactive- decaying of the nucleus that releases energy