1. Unit 1:4
The Age of Reformation

2. Martin Luther ( )

3. Luther as a young monk

4. Pope Leo X (r )

5. Johann Tetzel ( )

6. An Indulgence that reads: “With the Authority of all Saints and with mercy for you, I free you of all sins and crimes and excuse you from all punishments for ten days.” – Johann Tetzel

7. Relic: Bone from St. Boniface

8. John Calvin’s Thoughts on Relics of the Holy Cross
“There is no abbey so poor as not to have a specimen. In some places there are large fragments, as at the Holy Chapel in Paris, at Poictiers, and at Rome, where a good-sized crucifix is said to have been made of it. In brief, if all the pieces that could be found were collected together, they would make a big ship-load. Yet the Gospel testifies that a single man was able to carry it.”
— Calvin, Traité Des Reliques.

9. Wittenberg, Germany

10. Luther’s 95 Theses

11. Excerpts from 95 Theses
1. When our Lord and Master, Jesus Christ, said "Repent", He called for the entire life of believers to be one of repentance.
6. The pope himself cannot remit guilt, but only declare and confirm that it has been remitted by God; or, at most, he can remit it in cases reserved to his discretion. Except for these cases, the guilt remains untouched.
27. There is no divine authority for preaching that the soul flies out of the purgatory immediately the money clinks in the bottom of the chest.

12. Charles V, Holy Roman Emperor (1500-1558)

13. Papal Bull of Luther’s Excommunication

14. Luther before the Diet of Worms

15. Wartburg Castle

16. Woodcut that displays what Luther’s enemies thought of him

18. Luther’s face and hands cast at his death

19. Ulrich Zwingli

20. Philip of Hesse

21. The Marburg Colloquy

22. Thomas Müntzer Anabaptist Leader

23. John Calvin ( )

26. The English Reformation

27. King Henry VIII (r )

28. Catherine of Aragon (1485-1536)

29. Anne Boleyn (c )

30. Jane Seymour and Anne of Cleves

31. King Edward VI, son of Jane Seymour (r. 1547-1553)

32. Catherine Howard and Catherine Parr

33. Mary I of England r

34. Catholic Reform and Counter-Reformation

35. Teresa of Avila (1515-1582) Painting by Peter Paul Rubens

36. The Ecstasy of Saint Teresa of Avila by Bernini

37. Ignatius of Loyola ( )

38. Pope Paul III r. 1534-1549 1st to preside over Council of Trent

39. Engraving of Council of Trent

40. Philip Melanchthon 1497-1560 engraving by Dürer

41. Theodore Beza