1. What is going on in the nineteenth century?

2. Imperialism
Imperialism - A stronger nation takes control over a weaker nation politically, economically and/or culturally
America imperializes because:__________
2. Imperialism is justified when:___________
3. Imperialism is not justified when:________

3. We feel superior
Feeling of superiority (think Social Darwinism) -we are superior therefore we are helping them: - religiously -economically -socially -remember “Manifest Destiny”? -sound like anything from the last unit??
Sounds like social gospel on an internation level

4. Future of America Our frontier is “closed” therefore we:
Need a new frontier to be special
The Frontier Thesis – Frederick Jackson Turner
“The frontier is a space where individuals and society can be renewed, begin again, and seek out new opportunities.” … The frontier is what makes America special
Response to Census of 1880 which noted that the American Frontier has ceased to exist.

5. Manufacturing and Mining
Economics/Money
We have industrialized and therefore we need:
Markets
Raw materials
Need markets & raw materials
Industry as a Percent of the Economy
Agriculture
Manufacturing and Mining
1870
53 percent
33 percent
1900
58 percent
Increasing Industrial Output,
Coal
Steel
1870
20 million tons
850 million tons
1890
111 million tons
6,746 million tons
1910
417 million tons
24,216 million tons

6. Competition Europe has been doing it and therefore:
- we need to prove we are just as good/capable
Alfred Mahan The Influence of Sea Power upon History
-those with the best navy dominate (what do you need if you have a navy?)
Britain had the most colonies around the world, controlled a 25% of world’s land and people.
Alfred Mahan’s ( )
Mahan's name became a household word in the German navy, as Kaiser William II ordered his officers to read Mahan,
President Naval War College – friendly with TR
1890 The Influence of Sea Power upon History
Those with best navy’s dominated - shipbuilding
Bases Caribbean and Pacific …

7. Protection Europe has been doing it and therefore:
-we need colonies for national security

8. Which of these, if any, did you list as justified?
Which of these, if any, did you list as unjustified?
Any reasons hold more weight than others in your opinion?