1. Power Notes
Chapter 21
Performance Evaluation, Variances from Standards
Learning Objectives
1. Standards
2. Budgetary Performance Evaluation
3. Direct Materials Variances
4. Direct Labor Variances
5. Factory Overhead Variances
6. Recording and Reporting Variances from Standards
7. Standards for Nonmanufacturing Expenses
8. Nonfinancial Performance Measures
C21

2. Power Notes
Chapter 21
Performance Evaluation, Variances from Standards
Slide # Power Note Topics 3 6 13 20
Standard Costs, Performance Reports
Direct Materials Variances
Direct Labor Variances
Factory Overhead Variances
Note: To select a topic, type the slide # and press Enter.

3. Standards — Performance Benchmarks
Setting Standards
Requires joint efforts of accountants, engineers, and other management personnel.
Theoretical standards (ideal standards).
Currently attainable standards (normal standards).
Should be revised when they no longer reflect operating conditions they intended to measure.
Types of Standards
Reviewing and Revising Standards

4. Standard Cost per Pair of XL Jeans
Western Rider Inc.
Standard Cost per Pair of XL Jeans
Direct Materials:
$5.00 per square yard x 1.5 square yards $7.50
$9.00 per hour x .80 hours per pair 7.20
$6.00 per hour x .80 hours per pair 4.80
Total standard cost per pair $19.50
Direct Labor:
Factory Overhead:

5. Budget Performance Report For the Month Ended June 30, 2003
Western Rider Inc.
Budget Performance Report
For the Month Ended June 30, 2003
Actual Flexible Cost
Manufacturing Costs Costs Budget Variance
Direct materials $40,150 $37,500 $2,650
Direct labor 38,500 36,000 2,500
Factory overhead 22,400 24,000 (1,600)
Total mfg. costs $101,050 $97,500 $3,550

6. Direct Materials Variance Report For the Month Ended June 30, 2003
Description Standard Actual Variance
Square yards per unit
Total units produced x 5,000
Total yards 7,500
Price per yard x $5.00
Total dollars $37,500
The standard is based on the actual units produced.

7. Direct Materials Variance Report For the Month Ended June 30, 2003
Description Standard Actual Variance
Square yards per unit 1.50
Total units produced x 5,000
Total yards 7,500
Price per yard x $5.00
Total dollars $37,500
$5.00
The total of this box is: $5.00 x 7,500 yards
price
$37,500
quantity
7,500

8. Direct Materials Variance Report For the Month Ended June 30, 2003
Description Standard Actual Variance
Square yards per unit F (quantity)
Total units produced x 5,000 x 5,000
Total yards 7,500 7, F (quantity)
Price per yard x $5.00 x $5.50 $.50 U (price) Total dollars $37,500 $40,150 $2,650 U (total)
Actual results are:
200 yards under standard
$.50 per yard over standard
$2,650 over standard

9. Direct Materials Variance Report For the Month Ended June 30, 2003
Description Standard Actual Variance
Square yards per unit F (quantity)
Total units produced x 5,000 x 5,000
Total yards 7,500 7, F (quantity)
Price per yard x $5.00 x $5.50 $.50 U (price) Total dollars $37,500 $40,150 $2,650 U (total)
$5.50
Actual cost.
$40,150
The total of this box is: $5.50 x 7,300 yards
price
quantity
7,300

10. Direct Materials Variance Report For the Month Ended June 30, 2003
Description Standard Actual Variance
Square yards per unit F (quantity)
Total units produced x 5,000 x 5,000
Total yards 7,500 7, F (quantity)
Price per yard x $5.00 x $5.50 $.50 U (price)
Total dollars $37,500 $40,150 $2,650 U (total)
Unfavorable price variance
($.50 x 7,300 yards)
$5.50
$3,650
$5.00
Who is responsible for an unfavorable price variance?
price
quantity
7,300
7,500

11. Direct Materials Variance Report For the Month Ended June 30, 2003
Description Standard Actual Variance
Square yards per unit F (quantity)
Total units produced x 5,000 x 5,000
Total yards 7,500 7, F (quantity)
Price per yard x $5.00 x $5.50 $.50 U (price)
Total dollars $37,500 $40,150 $2,650 U (total)
Who is responsible for a favorable quantity variance?
$5.50
$5.00
Favorable quantity variance
(200 yards x $5.00)
price
$1,000
quantity
7,300
7,500

12. Direct Materials Variance Report For the Month Ended June 30, 2003
Description Standard Actual Variance
Square yards per unit F (quantity)
Total units produced x 5,000 x 5,000
Total yards 7,500 7, F (quantity)
Price per yard x $5.00 x $5.50 $.50 U (price)
Total dollars $37,500 $40,150 $2,650 U (total)
Unfavorable price variance
($.50 x 7,300 yards)
$5.50
$3,650
$5.00
Favorable quantity variance
(200 yards x $5.00)
price
$1,000
quantity
7,300
7,500

13. Direct Labor Variance Report For the Month Ended June 30, 2003
Description Standard Actual Variance
Hours per unit .80
Total units produced x 5,000
Total hours 4,000
Rate per hour x $9.00
Total dollars $36,000
The standard is based on the actual units produced.

14. Direct Labor Variance Report For the Month Ended June 30, 2003
Description Standard Actual Variance
Hours per unit .80
Total units produced x 5,000
Total hours 4,000
Rate per hour x $9.00
Total dollars $36,000
$9.00
The total of this box is: $9.00 x 4,000 hours
rates
$36,000
hours
4,000

15. Direct Labor Variance Report For the Month Ended June 30, 2003
Description Standard Actual Variance
Hours per unit F (time)
Total units produced x 5,000 x 5,000
Total hours 4,000 3, F (time)
Rate per hour x $9.00 x $10.00 $1.00 U (rate)
Total dollars $36,000 $38,500 $2,500 U (total
Actual results are:
150 hours under standard
$1.00 per hour over standard
$2,500 over standard

16. Direct Labor Variance Report For the Month Ended June 30, 2003
Description Standard Actual Variance
Hours per unit F (time)
Total units produced x 5,000 x 5,000
Total hours 4,000 3, F (time)
Rate per hour x $9.00 x $10.00 $1.00 U (rate)
Total dollars $36,000 $38,500 $2,500 U (total
$10.00
Actual cost.
$38,500
The total of this box is: $10.00 x 3,850 hours
rates
hours
3,850

17. Direct Labor Variance Report For the Month Ended June 30, 2003
Description Standard Actual Variance
Hours per unit F (time)
Total units produced x 5,000 x 5,000
Total hours 4,000 3, F (time)
Rate per hour x $9.00 x $10.00 $1.00 U (rate)
Total dollars $36,000 $38,500 $2,500 U (total)
Unfavorable rate variance
($1.00 x 3,850 hours)
$10.00
$3,850
$9.00
Who is responsible for an unfavorable rate variance?
rates
hours
3,850
4,000

18. Direct Labor Variance Report For the Month Ended June 30, 2003
Description Standard Actual Variance
Hours per unit F (time)
Total units produced x 5,000 x 5,000
Total hours 4,000 3, F (time)
Rate per hour x $9.00 x $10.00 $1.00 U (rate)
Total dollars $36,000 $38,500 $2,500 U (total)
Who is responsible for a favorable time variance?
$10.00
$9.00
Favorable time variance
(150 hours x $9.00)
rates
$1,350
hours
3,850
4,000

19. Direct Labor Variance Report For the Month Ended June 30, 2003
Description Standard Actual Variance
Hours per unit F (time)
Total units produced x 5,000 x 5,000
Total hours 4,000 3, F (time)
Rate per hour x $9.00 x $10.00 $1.00 U (rate)
Total dollars $36,000 $38,500 $2,500 U (total)
Unfavorable rate variance
($1.00 x 3,850 hours)
$10.00
$3,850
$9.00
Favorable time variance
(150 hours x $9.00)
rates
$1,350
hours
3,850
4,000

20. Factory Overhead Cost Budget For the Month Ended June 30, 2003
Western Rider Inc.
Factory Overhead Cost Budget
For the Month Ended June 30, 2003
Direct Labor Hours
4,000 4,500 5,000
Total variable costs $14,400 $16,200 $18,000
Variable costs per hour $ $ $3.60
Total fixed costs $12,000 $12,000 $12,000
Fixed costs per hour $ $ $
Total costs per hour $ $ $ 6.00
Overhead is applied at $6.00 per direct labor hour based on estimated 5,000 total hours.

21. Factory Overhead Variances For the Month Ended June 30, 2003
Western Rider Inc.
Factory Overhead Variances
For the Month Ended June 30, 2003
Revised Actual
Budget Costs Variance
Variable costs $14,400 $10,400 $4,000 F
($3.60 x 4,000 hours)
Fixed costs 9,600 12,000 2,400 U
($2.40 x 4,000 hours)
Total costs $24,000 $22,400 $1,600 F
Factory overhead applied at $6.00 per direct labor hour based on 4,000 actual hours.
Actual factory overhead per general ledger.

22. Factory Overhead Variances For the Month Ended June 30, 2003
Western Rider Inc.
Factory Overhead Variances
For the Month Ended June 30, 2003
Revised Actual
Budget Costs Variance
Variable costs $14,400 $10,400 $4,000 F
($3.60 x 4,000 hours)
Fixed costs 9,600 12,000 2,400 U
($2.40 x 4,000 hours)
Total costs $24,000 $22,400 $1,600 F
Controllable variance based on variable costs

23. Factory Overhead Variances For the Month Ended June 30, 2003
Western Rider Inc.
Factory Overhead Variances
For the Month Ended June 30, 2003
Revised Actual
Budget Costs Variance
Variable costs $14,400 $10,400 $4,000 F
($3.60 x 4,000 hours)
Fixed costs 9,600 12,000 2,400 U
($2.40 x 4,000 hours)
Total costs $24,000 $22,400 $1,600 F
Volume variance based on fixed costs

24. Actual variable overhead $10,400 Budgeted variable overhead 14,400
Variable Factory Overhead Controllable Variance
For the Month Ended June 30, 2003
Actual variable overhead $10,400
Budgeted variable overhead ,400
(4,000 actual hours x $3.60) Favorable controllable variance $(4,000)
Controllable variance measures the efficiency of using variable overhead resources.
A revised budget based on the actual hours used

25. Budgeted volume (direct labor hours) 5,000
Fixed Factory Overhead Volume Variance
For the Month Ended June 30, 2003
Budgeted volume (direct labor hours) 5,000
Actual volume (direct labor hours) 4,000
Capacity not used (direct labor hours) 1,000
Standard fixed rate x $2.40
Unfavorable volume variance $2,400
Volume variance measures the utilization of fixed overhead resources.
Rate based on 5,000 direct labor hours.

26. Power Notes This is the last slide in Chapter 21. Chapter 21
Performance Evaluation, Variances from Standards
This is the last slide in Chapter 21.
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