1. Directional Terms and Joint Movements
Mrs. Frasca

2. Horizontal vs. vertical
Make sure that you know the difference between horizontal and vertical!
Horizontal (side to side)
Vertical (up and down)
Hint: To help you remember, think about the sun rising and setting over the “horizon”

3. Anatomical directional terms
Anterior
The front, or in front of
Posterior
The back, or behind (towards the rear)

4. Anatomical directional terms
Distal
Away from, furthest from the origin
Proximal
Near, closest to the origin

5. Anatomical directional terms
Superior
Above, over
Inferior
Below, under

6. Anatomical directional terms
Lateral
Away from the mid-line (center)
Towards the sides
Medial
Towards the mid-line (center)
Away from the sides

7. Anatomical Planes
Sagittal plane: divides the body vertically into right and left parts
Frontal or Coronal plane: divides the body vertically into anterior and posterior parts
Transverse or horizontal plane: divides the body horizontally into superior and inferior parts

8. REVIEW of terms

9. Joints in our Bodies Wherever 2 or more bones meet = A skeletal joint
Also called an articulation
There are many different types of joints that can move in very different ways
There are actually 18 different joint classifications

10. Types of Joint Movements
Flexion
Movement that decreases the angle between 2 bones

11. Types of Joint Movements
Extension
Movement that increases the angle between 2 bones

12. Types of Joint Movements
Hyperextension
Movement beyond the natural range of motion

13. Types of Joint Movements
Abduction
Movement of the limbs away from the middle of the body
(Describes movement of limbs only)

14. Types of Joint Movements
Adduction
Movement of the limbs toward the middle of the body
(Describes movement of limbs only)

15. Types of Joint Movements
Rotation
Movement of a bone on an axis, toward or away from the body

16. Types of Joint Movements
Circumduction
Circular movement of limbs around an axis
The proximal portion of the limb remains stationary
Proximal = where the limb attaches to the body
The distal portion moves in a circle
Distal = the point on the limb that is furthest from the proximal attachment

17. Joint Movements Activity
Pause for a class activity. (SIMON SAYS)
Can students demonstrate knowledge of these joint movements?

18. Anterior Posterior Distal Proximal Horizontal Vertical Lateral Medial
Superior
Inferior
Flexion
Extension
Hyper-extension
Rotation
Adduction
Abduction

19. Types of Joint Movements
Supination
To turn upward
To face a limb or body towards the ceiling
Ex: Turn palm upward so that it faces the sky

20. Types of Joint Movements
Pronation
To turn downward
To face a limb or body towards the ground
Ex: turn palms downward so that they face the floor

21. Types of Joint Movements
Plantar Flexion
Movement that extends the foot
Ex: Pointing your toes like a ballerina

22. Types of Joint Movements
Dorsiflexion
Movement that flexes the foot
Ex: Try to touch your toes to the front of your shin

23. Types of Joint Movements
Inversion
Turns the sole of the foot inward (medially)

24. Types of Joint Movements
Eversion
Turns the sole of the foot outward (laterally)

25. Types of Joint Movements
Protraction
Moving a body part forward (in the transverse plane)
Ex: shoulders and jaw

26. Types of Joint Movements
Retraction
Moving a body part backwards (in the transverse plane)
Ex: Neck or jaw

27. Types of Joint Movements
Elevation
Lifting a body part upward (superiorly)
(Occurs in the frontal plane)
Ex: Shoulders

28. Types of Joint Movements
Depression
Moving a body part downward (inferiorly)
(Occurs in the frontal plane)
Ex: Shoulders

29. Types of Joint Movements
Opposition
Moves the thumb to the tips of the other fingers
(That is why they are called “Opposable thumbs”)

30. Video Crash Course in the Skeletal System
Joints

31. POSTERS!!!
Directional movements