1. MAKING PUNNETT PREDICTIONS

2. F1 ___________________ IF GENE is AUTOSOMAL and RECESSIVE TO +
MALES:FEMALES 1:1 F1
___________________ F2
___ = ___ ______________
___ = ___
___ = ___ ______________
_______

3. IF GENE is AUTOSOMAL and DOMINANT TO +
MALES:FEMALES 1:1 F1
______________________ F2
___ = ___ ______________
___ = ___
___ = ___ _______________
______

4. (Can’t cross pure dominant) Males:females 1:1
IF GENE is LETHAL (YY)
(Can’t cross pure dominant)
Males:females 1:1 F1
___ = _________ F2 F2
___ = ___ _______
___ = ___ _______________
___ = ___ ________________
______ ratio

5. IF GENE is X-linked recessive
Different pattern if gene is inherited from mom or dad
Mutant mom X wild type dad F1 F1
____________________
_____________________
When using Virtual fly lab Choose ignore sex and see if it changes the ratios

6. IF GENE is X-linked recessive
Different pattern if gene is inherited from mom or dad
Wild type mom X mutant dad F1 F2
______________________
_______________________
When using Virtual fly lab Choose ignore sex and see if it changes the ratios

7. IF GENE is X-linked dominant MUTANT MOM X WILD TYPE DAD
______________________
________________________
________________________________________________________________________
When using Virtual fly lab Choose ignore sex and see if it changes the ratios

8. X+ y XM y X+ X+ X+X+ X+y X+XM X+y XM X+XM XMy
IF GENE is X-linked dominant
WILD TYPE MOM X MUTANT DAD F1
X y X+ XM
XM y X+ F2
X+X+ X+y
X+XM XMy
X+XM X+y
________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________ ________________________
When using Virtual fly lab Choose ignore sex and see if it changes the ratios

9. GENETIC ABBREVIATIONS DOMINANT MUTATIONS: first letter = capitalized.
EX: sternopleural bristles= Sp
RECESSIVE MUTATIONS = lower case
EX: mahogany eyes = mah
normal "wild type" version of the gene = same abbreviation as mutant with a "+" superscript
For example, Sp+ and mah+.
Sometimes, when the meaning is obvious, "+" by itself is used
EX: heterozygote genotypes: +/Sp and +/mah.
VIRTUAL FLY LAB DOESN’T FOLLOW THIS PROTOCOL: You need to explore and figure out whether it is dominant or recessive.