1. Global I Civilizations!
Final Exam Review

2. Mountains, Deserts = isolation
West African Kingdoms
Tang/Song China
Mesoamerica
AKA- Middle America
Geography
Sahara Desert
(trans-Saharan)
Ghana, Mali, Songhai
Mountains, Deserts = isolation
East is fertile land
Meso = “middle”
North & South America
Andes Mountains (INCA)
Accomplishments
Gold & salt trade
Mansa Musa, the king for Mali, Marched to Mecca and spread Islam
Moveable Type &
Gunpowder
Calendar (MAYA, AZTEC)
Architecture
Floating Gardens (Aztec)
Terrace farming (INCA)
Roads (INCA)

3. GOLDEN AGE (math, science, tolerance)
The Empires below were all located at the center of __________ trade. They were located in or near the Middle __________, A.K.A. the cultural crossroads between Eastern ___________and _____________.
global
East
Europe
Asia
Byzantine Empire
Justinian Code
Eastern Roman Empire
Orthodox Christianity (Great Schism)
PRESERVED GRECO-ROMAN CULTURE!
Islamic Empire
GOLDEN AGE (math, science, tolerance)
Islam spreads to Europe and Africa
PRESERVED GRECO-ROMAN CULTURE!
Ottoman Empire
Overthrew Byzantine Empire
Constantinople  Istanbul
Controlled eastern Mediterranean Sea
“Old, Sick man of Europe”

4. European Middle Ages ~ 500-1300 CE
Causes:
NO CENTRAL GOVERNMENT (fall of Rome)
Feudalism: political system based on ownership of land and loyalty
Manorialism: economic system – barter economy, self-sufficient, based on agriculture  isolation & little trading outside of manor
Most powerful institution = CATHOLIC CHURCH!
Gothic architecture; art glorified God
Crusades = increased trade with Middle East
Bubonic plague is epidemic

5. Europe After the fall of Rome: Middle Ages  Renaissance/ reformation
Japanese Feudalism:
Causes:
NO STRONG CENTRAL GOVERNMENT
Tokugawa Shogunate: powerful shogun oversaw traditional era with golden age
Samurai: powerful warriors(Bushido Code)
Similar to European feudalism

6. Renaissance
Commercial Revolution (guilds, capitalism, trade  Renaissance
Humanism:
Curiosity about life in the present (not life after death like in the Middle Ages)
Emphasis on the achievements of the individual
Examined worldly subjects
“Questioning spirit” question authority
Art & Architecture: return to Greco-Roman styles, life-like portrayal, ordinary (secular) topics

7. Political/Religious Change: Reformation
Reformation: Period when Europeans broke away from the Roman Catholic Church and formed new Christian churches
Causes:
Renaissance
Strong Monarchs
Problems in the Church (indulgences!)
Reformers:
Martin Luther (95 Theses)
John Calvin
Impact:
Shatters/ends religious unity in Western Europe

8. Printing Press
Invention of wooden movable type in China
Johann Gutenberg used this idea to create the printing press (metal moveable type)
Allowed printer to produce hundreds of copies
BIBLE was first full book printed
Impact:
Books became more available ~ cheaper and easier to make!
Literacy increased ~ books were available and more people learned to read and write!
Ideas spread rapidly ~ people had access to new knowledge and Bibles increased the spread of religious ideas