1. Chapter 1 The science of Life 1.1 The World of biology
1.2 Themes in biology
1.3 Study of Biology
1.4 Tools and Techniques

2. Section 1 – The world of biology
Goals
Relate the relevance of biology to our daily life.
Describe the importance of biology in society.
List and explain the characteristics that living things share.
Summarize the levels of organization animals exhibit.
Compare and contrast homeostasis and metabolism as well as growth, development and reproduction

3. Prefix comes before root word, suffix comes after, Greek or Latin based.
- Prehistoric
- Pre (before) Historic (written or recorded history)
Atypical
Epiglottis
Microorganism
Suffix
- Biology
- Bio (life) Logy (study of)
Zoology
Ecology
Histology

4. Biology and Society
Ethics and morals determine what the public will allow science to research.
- not always the same
Safety is always on the minds of scientists.
- outbreaks, pollution and test subjects
Knowledge of science is important for government policy .
- pollution levels and funding
We can use biology to:
Cure diseases and treat cancer, preserve environment, save species, improve food supply...

5. Characteristics of Living Organisms
1. Organized and Made of Cell(s)
- unicellular or multicellular
Atom – Molecule – Organelle – CELL – Tissue – Organ – System – Organism
2. Response to Stimuli
- chemical or physical
- smell or touch
3. Homeostasis
- maintaining stable internal conditions despite changing external factors
- shivering when cold to maintain body temp or drinking more water when it’s hot outside.

6. 4. Metabolism
- sum total of all chemical reactions in the body
- photosynthesis and cellular respiration
5. Growth and Development
- growth occurs by cells grown AND adding more cells through cell division
- development occurs as cells specialize and organisms mature
6. Reproduction
- needed for species survival and not that of the individual
- asexual (prokaryotes like bacteria) or sexual (eukaryotes like bunny rabbits)
7. Change over time
- heritable short term adaptations or long term species evolution

7. Section 2 – Themes of Biology
Life is very diverse consisting of single cell bacteria up to whales and nake mole rats!
Life is unified due to its common ancestry and shared genetic code.
- we share genes with plants, flies and mushrooms
- all cells have organelle that perform the same function
Three Domains of Life
Bacteria – Archaea – Eukarya
Six Kingdoms of Life
Bacteria – Archaea – Animalia – Plantae – Fungi – Protista
All living things share resources and energy with other living organisms

8. Section 3 – Study of Biology
Evolution is how scientists attempt to explain the diversity and unity of life.
- unity because all living things have a common ancestor
- diversity because of how different locations on Earth have different conditions.
Evolution occurs through the process of natural selection
- "survival of the fittest"
- results in adaptations that improve survivability and reproductive success
Section 3 – Study of Biology
All parts of this section are significant. Spend a lot of time studying this section. This process is the same for chemistry, physics or any other science.

9. Scientific Method: An “orgnaized approach” that doesn’t always follow an exact pattern.
based on the idea events have a natural cause
also based on the idea that the laws of nature work the same everywhere
Observe with your sense or a tool to aid the senses. Formulate a question.
Hypothesize a possible answer based on reason.
Predict what will happen when the hypothesis is tested.
Experiment in a controlled way to test predictions.
Analyze and interpret date, make graphs and perform statistics.
Communicate your findings so others may benefit.
Sometimes science is observational or “descriptional” research. It doesn’t answer how or why, but what happens.
Control group is the benchmark, the experimental group is tested.
Independent variable is the one changed.
Depended variable responds to the change in independent variable.

10. Section 4 – Tools and Techniques
We use the metric system in science – base 10 or powers of 10 “Slide the decimal”
Seven fundamental base units can be combined into many derived units.
second, meter, kilogram volume, density
Let’s do these together, BE SURE TO TAKE NOTES! WILL BE ON TEST!
1,300m  km 400cm  m 350mm  cm 25dam  cm
Technology is the use of knowledge to solve problems, tools are one result.
Microscopes are either light based or electron based. (More notes for lab later)
- light microscopes can be compound or stereoscope
- electron microscopes can be scanning or transmission

11. Light Microscope
Uses light like our own eyes. Glass lenses bend light to magnify an image. Used on small to very small objects, but has limits.
Compound Microscope uses multiple lenses and give a “bottom up” view.
Dissection scopes give a “top down” view.

13. Electron Microscope
Uses a beam of charged particles (electrons) to view extremely small objects.
Transmission (TEM) passes a beam through a very thin sample.
Scanning (SEM) bounces a beam off a sample.

15. SEM

16. TEM

17. Pros & Cons
Light microscopes can show living things in action but have limits to how much they can magnify. Electron microscopes can show processes or living things. Samples must be dead. Light microscopes are portable and cheap!