1. Blood notes
PLATELETS
&
PHYSIOLOGY OF BLOOD

2. Human Blood Fact
There are about 5 liters or 1.3 gallons of blood in the average adult body.

3. Why are red blood cells shaped like donuts without the hole in the middle?
the dents in the cells add to the surface area, allowing more oxygen and carbon dioxide to pass in and out of the cell.

4. Review
What is another name for a rbc?
erythrocyte
A wbc?
leukocyte
What are the formed elements?
living blood cells in plasma – rbc’s (erythrocyte), wbc’s (leukocyte), platelets
Which blood cell carries O2 ?
erythrocyte (rbc)

5. What is hematopoiesis?
erythrocyte (rbc) production
What controls erythrocyte production?
erythropoietin
Where is erythropoietin made?
kidneys when O2 level is low
What does Hb do?
carries O2 in rbc
What is it called when a wbc squeezes through a capillary?
diapedesis

6. What are the 3 types of granulocytes?
neutrophils, basophils, eosinophils
What are the 2 types of agranulocytes?
monocyte, lymphocyte
What is responsible for an organ transplant rejection?
lymphocyte

7. PLATELETS
aka: THROMBOCYTES
inactive platelets
activated platelets

8. 250,000 – 500,000/mm3
essential for clotting
life span: 10 – 12 days, removed by phagocytes

9. NON LIVING PARTS OF BLOOD
PLASMA
90% water, transparent, amber color
PLASMA PROTEINS (3)
1. ALBUMIN: osmotic pressure
2. GLOBULIN: transports lipids
3. FIBRINOGEN: clotting

10. ELECTROLYTES (salts/minerals)
must have these for cells to function
sodium, potassium, calcium, magnesium, chloride, phosphate
NUTRIENTS
glucose, amino acids, lipids, vitamins
WASTE MATERIALS
sent to kidneys
RESPIRATORY GASES
CO2 & O2
OTHER
enzymes, hormones

11. PHYSIOLOGY OF BLOOD
HEMOSTASIS
stopping bleeding – clotting – reaction to injury/wound
keeps us from bleeding to death internally & externally
Multi step process
1. Vascular Phase
cutting blood vessel wall triggers SEROTONIN to cause a contraction in the tunica media – smooth muscle
contraction is called a VASCULAR SPASM – can last 30 minutes

12. 2. Platelet Phase
platelets begin to stick to endothelium and each other
a platelet plug is formed

13. begins about 30 seconds after injury
3. Coagulation Phase – a.k.a. “Blood Clotting”
involves a series of steps in which blood cells and platelets are trapped in a protein mesh forming a BLOOD CLOT

14. Wound healing
wound is sealed & then healed by regeneration
using pressure and/or dressings speeds up wound healing