1. Photosynthesis: Life from Light and Air

2. Plants are energy producers
Like animals, plants need energy to live
unlike animals, plants don’t need to eat food to make that energy
Plants make both _______ & _________
animals are _____________
plants are_______________

3. How do plants make energy & food?
Plants use the energy from the sun
to make ______ energy
to make ________
glucose, sucrose, cellulose, starch, & more
sun
ATP
sugars

4. Building plants from sunlight & air
Photosynthesis
2 separate processes
________ building reactions
collect sun energy
use it to make ATP
_______building reactions
take the ATP energy
collect CO2 from air & H2O from ground
use all to build sugars
ATP
H2O +
CO2
sugars
carbon dioxide
CO2
water
H2O
sugars
C6H12O6 +

5. Using light & air to grow plants
Photosynthesis
using sun’s energy to make ________
using _______ & ______ to make sugar
in chloroplasts
allows plants to ______
makes a waste product
oxygen (O2)
(ATP) = used to build the sugar
 glucose + oxygen
carbon
dioxide
sun
energy
+ water +

6. What do plants need to grow?
The “factory” for making energy & sugars
_____________
Fuels
__________
____________
_________
The Helpers
enzymes
Make ATP! Make sugar! I can do it all… And no one even notices!
sun
CO2
ATP
enzymes
sugars
H2O

7. Photosynthesis ATP ADP ENERGY building reactions
sun
Photosynthesis
ENERGY building reactions
ADP
ATP
SUGAR building reactions
used immediately to synthesize sugars
H2O
sugar
CO2

8. Chloroplasts are only in plants
animal cells
plant cells

9. Photosynthesis takes place in the __________ cells of the leaf
Mesophyll

10. Each Mesophyll Cell contains many _____________
Also, CO2 comes into, and O2 Leaves the cell through the _______. Water gets to, and Glucose leaves through the ______ and ______.
Water
Glucose
CO2 O2

11. The Chloroplast- Contains Chlorophyll- a light absorbing pigment
Chlorophyll is actually located on the membrane of the thylakoid
________
Thylakoid
________
___________
(Stack of Thylakoid)
_________
___________
Aqueous Place Inside
Chloroplast

12. Photosynthesis During photosynthesis-
organisms convert energy from sunlight into chemical __________ stored in the bonds of carbohydrates.

13. Energy is the ability to do ________.
Without ability to obtain & use energy, life would NOT exist.
One of the most important compounds that cells use to store & release energy is adenosine triphosphate (ATP).

14. ATP consists of:
-___________ (nitrogenous base)
-a __-carbon sugar called _________
- _______ phosphate groups

15. ATP can easily release and store energy by breaking and re-forming the bonds between its phosphate groups.
This characteristic makes ATP very useful as a basic energy source for cells

16. Storing Energy
Adenosine diphosphate (____) -has ___ phosphate groups instead of ___.
-contains some energy (not as much as ATP)
When a cell has energy available, it stores small amounts by adding a phosphate group to ADP, making ATP.
ADP is like a rechargeable battery that powers the cell.

17. Releasing Energy
Cells release the energy stored in ATP by breaking the bonds between the ________ phosphate groups.
A cell can add (+) or subtract (-) these phosphate groups giving it an easy way of storing & releasing energy as needed.

18. Storing Energy
*ADP into ATP=
stored energy
(fully charged
battery)

19. Why do plants look the way they do?

20. Energy from the sun travels to Earth in the form of light
Sunlight is a mixture of different wavelengths & make up a color spectrum. (ROYGBIV)

21. Plants gather the sun’s energy with light-absorbing molecules- ___________.
plants’ main pigment is ______________
2 types in plants: - chlorophyll a
- chlorophyll b
Both chlorophylls absorb light in the blue- violet & red regions of the spectrum

22. Green plants do NOT absorb in the _______ region
have chlorophyll b which reflects green light, which is why plants look green.

23. Red plants do NOT absorb in the _____ region
have chlorophyll a which reflects red light, which is why plants look red.

24. Why to leaves change in the fall?
Leaves turn red from green during the fall because chlorophyll b breaks down, leaving other pigments to show their colors

25. Back to photosynthesis

26. What do plants take in? (reactants)

27. What do plants give off (products)

28. What type of gas are these plants giving off?

29. Two types of reactions that take place in photosynthesis

30. What are the two stages of photosynthesis?
LIGHT REACTIONS
(light _________)
CALVIN CYCLE
(light _____________)

31. Light-Dependent Reactions:
Water & light energy = ____
Oxygen, ATP, & NADPH = ______

32. Light-Independent Reactions (Calvin cycle):
CO2, ATP & NADPH = ____
high energy sugars/carbohydrates = _____

33. Factors Affecting Photosynthesis
The 3 main factors that affect photosynthesis are:
____________
Light ____________
Availability of___________

34. Temperature:
photosynthesis reactions are due to enzymes that function between 0°C & 35°C (32-95 °F)
Temps above or below that range may ___________ the rate of photosynthesis or stop it entirely.

35. Light: High light intensity ________ rate of PS.
After light intensity reaches a certain level, plants reach the maximum rate of PS.

36. Water: Water shortage can _______ or stop PS.
Water loss can also damage plant tissues.
Plants living in dry conditions have waxy coatings on leaves to reduce water loss.
Too much water can drown plants

37. What is happening in the Light Reactions?
Review:
What is happening in the Light Reactions?
H2O
H2O
sunlight
sunlight
Energy Building
Reactions
NADPH
NADPH
ATP
ATP O2

38. What is the major product of the light reactions that animals depend on

39. What is happening in the Dark Reactions?
Review:
(Calvin Cycle)
CO2
ADP
Sugar Building
Reactions
NADP
NADPH
ATP
sugars

40. What major energy molecule is made during the Calvin cycle as a result of carbon dioxide input.

41. So, what does an increase of carbon dioxide produce more of???

42. *Circle the Reactants
Circle the Products*

43. Photosynthesis uses the energy of sunlight to convert water & carbon dioxide into high-energy sugars & oxygen.