1. Cell Theory and the Scientists Who Helped Shape It

2. Anton van Leeuwenhoek Born: October 24, 1632 Died: August 30, 1723
Dutch (Netherlands)
He is known as the “Father of Microscopy.”
Credited for the development of the compound microscope

3. Leeuwenhoek’s Discoveries
1673: looked at pond scum under the microscope and discovered small organisms he called animalcules or little animals (Protists)
1676: discovered bacteria

4. Robert Hooke Born: July 18, 1635 Died: March 3, 1703 British (England)
Wrote and published “Micrographia”
Known as the “English Father of Microscopy”

5. Hooke’s Contributions
He observed pieces of cork from the bark of a cork tree under the microscope.
His observations led him to coin the word “cell.”
“Cell” means little rooms in Latin.
He compared the small boxes to the small rooms that monks lived in.

6. Rudolph Virchow Born: October 13, 1821 Died: September 5, 1902
German pathologist (study of diagnosing diseases)
He is known as the
“Father of Pathology.”
Discovered that all living cells come only from other living cells

7. Louis Pasteur 1822-1895 French Chemist
Disproved the theory of “spontaneous generation”

8. L. Pasteur
Saw that cells must come from other cells

9. Pasteur’s Experiment
In the first experiment, the flask is sealed but the second experiment leaves the flask open to the air. What do you notice?

10. Organization: Living things tend to be highly organized and complex compared to nonliving things.
Metabolism (the Greek word for “change”): Living things rely on chemical reactions. (Energy/waste)
Reproduction: Living organisms replicate themselves, but with variation, and generate their own kind.

11. Adaptation: Living things have characteristics that support their survival and are shaped by interactions with their environment.
Growth and development: When a living organism reproduces, the offspring start out smaller, and usually much simpler in form, and then increase in size and complexity.
Response to stimuli: An organism responds to its environment in order to preserve itself. 

12. All living things are made of cells
Organism- An individual living thing, made up of one or many cells, that is capable of growing and reproducing.
Unicellular- A term used to describe an organism that is made up of a single cell.
Multicellular- A term used to describe an organism that is made up of many cells.

13. The Cell Theory All living things are made of cells.
Cells are the basic units of structure and function in living things.
Living cells come only from other living cells.

14. Diverse Cells
Eukaryotic Cells- genetic material DNA is found inside a nucleus. (more advanced)
Prokaryotic Cells- no separate nucleus for the DNA. The genetic material is found in the cytoplasm. (primitive)
Cytoplasm-
inside the cell membrane
gelatin like or jellylike material
where most work is carried out

15. Cells in multicellular organisms specialize.
Cell Tissue Organ
Systems
Tissue a group of individual cells that are organized for a specific job.
Organs are different tissues working together to perform a particular function. Organs make systems.

16. The Cell and Complexity
Enormous Complexity