1. How to correct student errors
Correcting Students
How to correct student errors

2. Correcting Students
When we correct students, we show them that something is wrong and that they have made a mistake.
When we hear an error, we may decide to correct their mistake.
When learners makes mistakes, we correct them in different ways
In this presentation, you will learn about 6 different types of correction and the language you use for each type.

3. Type 1 - Error Correction
Error correction is when the teacher corrects the student fully and clearly. An example is below:
T: Hello everybody and welcome. So, did you have a good weekend? How was your weekend Yun-ju?
S: Very good Teacher. I see a great movie.
T: OK, but it’s not see. It’s, “I saw a great movie.”
S: I saw a great movie.
T: OK. (nods head with approval)

4. Type 2 – Grammatical Feedback
Grammatical Feedback is when the teacher gives a grammar explanation concerning the mistake. An example is below.
T: Hello everybody. Welcome. So, did you have a good weekend? How was your weekend Yun-ju?
S: Very good Teacher. I see a great movie.
T: Ok. But, we’re talking about the weekend. It’s the past. So, you have to use the past verb, right? So, what is it?
S: See…I saw a great movie
T: Excellent.

5. Type 3 - Gestures
Gestures/and or facial expressions are when the teacher repeats student's mistake with a rising intonation, signaling to the student that he/she should complete the utterance fixing the mistake. It could also be a raised eyebrow or a worried look that indicates there is something that needs correction. An example is below.
T: How often do you go to the movies Yun-ju.
S: I go to the movies two…two times a month.
T: Oh, that’s OK, but, remember, a better way to say that is…(teacher holds up two fingers)
S: Two…Twice a month.
T: (Teacher nods with approval)

6. Type 4 – Clarification Request
Clarification Request is when the teacher pretends he/she didn't understand the student by saying something like "excuse me", "sorry", etc. An example is below.
T: So, guys, talking about movies – How often do you go to the movies? Yun-ju, how often do you go to the movies?
S: Um….Three.
T: Excuse me? Three? Three what?
S: Three times a month.
T: Ah..OK. Very good.

7. Type 5 – Echo Correcting
Echo Correcting is when the teacher repeats the mistake with a rising intonation, trying to lead the student to self-correction. An example is below.
T: So, guys, talking about movies. How often do you go to the movies? Yun-ju, how often do you go to the movies?
S: Teacher, I go to the movies two times a month.
T: TWO TIMES? (TWO TIMES is said with rising intonation)
S: Twice a month.
T: OK. Very good.

8. Type 6 - Recasting
Recasting is when the teacher repeats a student's utterance in the correct way, but without calling attention to the mistake or giving grammatical explanation. An example is below.
T: Hello class. Welcome everybody. So, how was your weekend? Did you have a good weekend Yun-ju?
S: Yes, very good. I see a great movie.
T: Oh really? You saw a great movie. What movie did you see?
S: I saw ________.
T: Oh really? Great!

9. Grammatical Feedback +Explicit Correction
A teacher can also use two types of correction together. An example of a teacher using grammatical feedback and explicit correction is below.
T: Hello class. Welcome everybody. So, did you have a good weekend? Yun-ju, how was your weekend?
S: Very good Teacher. I see a great movie.
T: OK, but here it’s the simple past because it’s the weekend. So, it’s not see, it’s saw.
S: Ah, I saw a great movie.
T: OK. Excellent.

10. Clarification Request + Gesture
Here is one more example of using two types of correction together. In the below conversation, the teacher uses a clarification request and a gesture to correct the student.
T: Hello class. Welcome everybody. So, did you have a good weekend? How was your weekend Yun-ju?
S: Very good Teacher. I see a great movie.
T: I’m sorry? (teacher points thumb backwards – indicating the past)
S: Ah…I saw a great movie.
T: Ah OK. (nods with approval)