1. Native Americans

2. Huron

3. Huron Original names: Wendat / Attignaouantan / Attigneenongnahac
Arendahronon / Tohontaenrat
Lived in longhouses with extended family
Mainly relied on agriculture – corn, beans, squash, sunflowers
Placed a high value on education, from an early age
Organized government – clan chiefs -> council -> village chief -> band council -> band chief
band councils + band chiefs = Huron Nation
Women were highly influential – chose leaders
1600s – population between 20,000 and 30,000
“ – the French re-named them “Huron”, or “boar’s head”
“ – involved in the fur trade with the French / Samuel de Champlain
1650s – Iroquois drive Huron out of their lands (aided by Dutch firearms)
1750s – allied with French against the British and Iroquois
1800s – U.S. govt forces remaining Huron to sell lands & relocate
1905 – population around 850
Today – population around 4,000 (Huron descendants)

4. Algonquian

5. Algonquian Algonquian is the language spoken by many tribes: Algonquin
Far North; semi-nomadic, hunting, trapping, fishing, gathering; wigwams covered in animal skins and birchbark; patriarchal structure; shaman could heal the sick and communicate with spirit world; “canoe” and “toboggan”
Powhatan
Virginia, Pocahontas
Massachusetts
Wampanoag
Metacom
Pequot
Mohegan
Narragansett
Most Algonquian tribes allied themselves with the French until France lost its North American colonies in the French and Indian War ( ). Fearing white settlement of their lands, many Algonquian-speaking peoples then sided with the British in the American Revolution, and in the War of By the 1840s, most Algonquian-speaking tribes had been forcibly removed west of the Mississippi under increasingly aggressive U.S. American Indian removal policies.

6. Iroquois

7. Iroquois Ontario / Upstate New York
Also refers to a language / group of tribes
Seneca, Mohawk, Oneida, Cayuga, Onondaga
Pre-1500s, the five tribes fought each other
When settlers came, they banded together – The Five Nations
Elaborate political system: bicameral legislature, sachems (reps), unwritten constitution
Lived in longhouses; agriculture was main source of food; women had power to create life so were in charge of food distribution; women chose sachems; matrilineal.
Fought other tribes fiercely; Confederation drove out other tribes
French and Indian War – allied with the British, against the French + Algonquin

8. Pueblo

9. Aztecs