1. Describe some of the problems with the urbanization of cities…
Journal

2. Politics in the Gilded Age -Forgettable Presidents-
Chapter 7
Section 3
Politics in the Gilded Age -Forgettable Presidents- 8

3. Politics Political Machine Rapid growth = Inefficient government
Group that controlled the activities of a political party
Offered services to voters / businesses
exchange for political or financial support
Control local government
Politics

4. Political Machines Pyramid City Boss Base = Precinct workers Ward Boss
Gain voter support
Ward Boss
Secure the votes
Helped the poor --- favors / services
City Boss
Controlled activities of the political party
1st – 2nd generation immigrants
Political Machines

5. Party Boss Controlled access to
Municipal jobs
Business licenses
Influenced courts
Built parks, sewer systems, & waterworks
Gave money to schools and hospitals
Needed Votes!!
Party Boss

6. Fraud and Graft Graft “Kick backs”
Illegal use of political influence for personal gain
“Kick backs”
Granted favors to businesses in return for cash
Took bribes = Allow illegal activities
Gambling
Fraud and Graft

7. Boss Tweed William M. Tweed --- “Boss Tweed”
Tammany Hall, New York City
Democratic Political Machine
1869 – 1871
Led the Tweed Ring
Defrauding the city
New York Courthouse --- Graft
Cost tax payers $13 million
Actual cost =$3 million
Indicted on 120 counts
Boss Tweed

8. Hayes Giving government jobs to people who help candidates get elected
Not qualified
Used for personal gain
Rutherford B. Hayes Election
Reform
Put independents in his cabinet
Civil Service
Most qualified
Hayes

9. Garfield James A. Garfield ---- 1880 Election Reformer Vice President
Chester A. Arthur = “Stalwart”
Gave reformers most of his patronage jobs
July 2, 1881
Shot while walking through a train station in Washington, D.C.
Charles Guiteau
Turned down for a job
Died from wounds on September 19th
Garfield

10. Arthur Chester A. Arthur Reformer Pendleton Civil Service Act = 1883
Commission to make appointments to federal jobs
Based on the performance on an examination
Arthur

11. Cleveland Grover Cleveland --- 1884 Election
Politicians turn to wealthy business owners
Businesses wanted government to raise tariffs
Eliminate foreign competition
Grover Cleveland Election
Tried to lower tariffs
No support from Congress
Cleveland

12. Harrison / Cleveland Cleveland elected again 1888 Election
Cleveland wins popular vote = looses electoral vote
Benjamin Harrison
Raised tariffs on manufactured goods
Highest ever
Billion Dollar Congress
1892 Election
Cleveland elected again
Tried to lower tariffs --- was not successful
Harrison / Cleveland