1. Frescobaldi
Group Members: Keara Hubbard, Roseanne Furmato, Zeke Dawkins, Zenas Okero, Antoinette Kellam

2. 1. Composition Toccata terza It was published in 1615.
It was from the baroque period.     

3. 2. composer He was born on September 13, 1583 in Ferrara Italy.
He died on March 1, 1643 in Rome Italy.
Nationality: Italian
He lived in Ferrara, Rome, and Florence throughout his lifetime.

4. 3. Composer’s Back round 1. Frescobaldi was born in Ferrara (1583)
 A. Summary of personal history and events (parents, family, health, spouse)                                                                                                 
           1. Frescobaldi was born in Ferrara (1583)
           2. Born to Filippo Frescobaldi
           3. Married to Orsola Travaglini (married 1613–1643)
                     4. He had five children: Francesco (an illegitimate child born on 29 May 1612), Maddalena (an illegitimate child born on 22 July 1613), Domenico (8 November 1614, poet and art collector), Stefano (1616/7), and Caterina (September 1619).
 5. He died in Rome on March 1, 1643 in Rome from illness (not specified).
   B. Overview of entire musical career—most important benchmarks (education, composition, teaching, etc.)
         1. Frescobaldi for Rome in 1607 to be an organist at Santa Maria in Trastevere, recorded as “Girolamo Organista”, from January to May of that year
 3. Between 1610–13 Frescobaldi began to work for Cardinal Pietro Aldobrandini.
         4. In October 1614, Frescobaldi was approached by an agent of the Duke of Mantua, Ferdinando I Gonzaga for Frescobaldi to work for the Duke
         5. St. Peter's Basilica (a church) gave Frescobaldi permission to leave Rome on 22 November 1628, though he would continue to compose.

5. 4. Composer’s significance
Frescobaldi was the first of the composers of the ancient Franco-Netherlandish- Italian tradition who focused his creative energy on instrumental composition
His work influenced Johann Jakob Froberger, Johann Sebastian Bach and Henry Purcell
He was remembered most for his amazing keyboard music even by critics
He took on pupils and one of them that really turned out well was Johann Jakob Froberger. He studied with Frescobaldi for 4 years. He became one of the most influential composers of the 17th century
He may have been one of the first composers to introduce the juxtaposition of the ciaccona and passacaglia into the music repertory

6. 5. Compositional techniques
Form: Rhapsodic form of instrumentation.
Time signature: 4/4
Key: D Minor
Style & Texture: high harmonies, full chords rapid runs, along with other elements to show musicians “touch”.
Orchestration/ Instrumentation: Vocal works, short solo dances, keyboard, plucked instruments.
Tempo: The tempo changes throughout the piece, it starts with grave, changes to allegro in measure 20. At measure 55 it changes to allegro motto, then in measure 66 it changes back to grave. At measure 91, it changes to allegro.

7. 6. Meaning/significance
A toccata is a musical composition for a keyboard instrument designed to exhibit the performer's touch and technique. Frescobaldi would go on to write 2 other books of toccatas in his career.

8. 7. Performance Difficulties
In this piece there are many jumps between strings and are difficult to play at a fast speed.
Coming in on the right beat is difficult because there are a lot of rests and paying attention to the conductor is vital.
Trying to keep up with the director and play the may be difficult because the notes may be hard to pay attention Pt. 2
In measure the 2nd violinists have a conversation with the cellos, the 2 sections depend on the conductor to cue them in at the correct time.
 Starting at measure 71 starts the poco piu mosso, crescendo and accelerando so keeping up with the conductor is important otherwise you’ll get behind.

9. 8. Illustrate relationships/ Connect
Most of Frescobaldi’s extant output contains keyboard music.
Frescobaldi was responsible for making a synthesis of all styles preceding his time.
Bach was connected with Frescobaldi’s music from his boyhood years in Ohrdruf.
Some of his early chorale preludes reflect on his music, along with organ pieces.

10. 9. Additional comments
We would give this piece a 10/10 rating all together.
His music is simple but at the same time remains interesting.  
His way of creating music makes a lot of people want to play more and enhance their music skills.
His piece Toccata is challenging but his way of incorporating the change in tempo.
The meaning of the piece also helps the performer understand and comprehend the piece better.
Getting to know the musician and composer helps you know what you’re playing and how it should be played even if listening to recording of the piece.

11. 10. sources https://www.britannica.com/biography/Girolamo-Frescobaldi