1. Materially Engineered Artificial Pollinators
Svetlana A. Chechetka, Yue Yu, Masayoshi Tange, Eijiro Miyako 
Chem 
Volume 2, Issue 2, Pages (February 2017)
DOI: /j.chempr
Copyright © 2017 Elsevier Inc. Terms and Conditions

2. Chem 2017 2, DOI: ( /j.chempr )
Copyright © 2017 Elsevier Inc. Terms and Conditions

3. Figure 1 Characterization of ILGs
(A) Photograph and chemical structure of the synthesized ILG. The volumes of [vbim][PF6], [bmim][PF6], and TEGDMA used were 100, 100, and 100 μL, respectively. The concentration of BPO was 50 mg.
(B) Photographs of the ILG and agarose gel before and after being in a vacuum. The concentration of agarose was 1%.
(C) Mechanical strength of the ILG as measured by the compression test. The volumes of [vbim][PF6], [bmim][PF6], and TEGDMA were 200, 100, and 100 μL, respectively. The concentration of BPO was 50 mg.
(D) UV-induced viscoelasticity of ILG. The volumes of [vbim][PF6], [bmim][PF6], TEGDMA, and 2H2MPP were 100, 100, 50, and 50 μL, respectively.
(E) Photograph showing adhesion of coins because of the tackiness of ILG. Scale bar, 2 cm.
(F) Tack curves of ILG and Scotch tape. The volumes of [vbim][PF6], [bmim][PF6], and TEGDMA were 100, 100, and 50 μL, respectively. The concentration of BPO was 50 mg.
(G) Contact angle of a water droplet on an ILG sheet. The volumes of [vbim][PF6], [bmim][PF6], TEGDMA, and 2H2MPP were 100, 100, 100, and 100 μL, respectively. The water droplet contained 1 μM rhodamine B. Scale bar, 1 mm.
Chem 2017 2, DOI: ( /j.chempr )
Copyright © 2017 Elsevier Inc. Terms and Conditions

4. Figure 2 ILG-Functionalized Living Organisms
(A) Chemical structures of the photochromic compounds used.
(B) Light-induced color changes of ILG samples containing the photochromic compounds and light-driven camouflage behavior of ILG-functionalized hybrid M. domestica specimen. The volumes of [vbim][PF6], [bmim][PF6], TEGDMA, and 2H2MPP were 100, 100, 50, and 50 μL, respectively. Numbers on the pictures indicate the ILG samples containing compounds 1, 2, 3, and 4. Compound 1, 2,3-bis(2,4,5-trimethyl-3-thienyl)maleimide (2 mg); compound 2, 2,3-bis(2,4,5-trimethyl-3-thienyl)maleic anhydride (2 mg); compound 3, cis-1,2-dicyano-1,2-bis(2,4,5-trimethyl-3-thienyl)ethene (2 mg); and compound 4, 1,2-bis(2,4-dimethyl-5-phenyl-3-thienyl)-3,3,4,4,5,5-hexafluoro-1-cyclopentene (2 mg). Scale bars, 5 mm.
(C) ILG-functionalized hybrid F. japonica specimen. The black arrow points to a droplet of ILG free of photochromic compounds. The volumes of [vbim][PF6], [bmim][PF6], TEGDMA, and 2H2MPP were 100, 100, 50, and 50 μL, respectively. Scale bar, 1 mm.
(D) Collection of T. gesneriana pollen grains by hybrid ants. Scale bar, 5 mm.
(E and F) Wild and hybrid ants after being placed with flowers overnight. The black arrows show areas of pollen adsorption. Scale bars, 1 mm.
(G) SEM images of a hybrid ant after being placed with flowers. Scale bars, 333 μm (top) and 125 μm (bottom).
Chem 2017 2, DOI: ( /j.chempr )
Copyright © 2017 Elsevier Inc. Terms and Conditions

5. Figure 3 Preparation of Functional Fibers
(A) SEM images of animal hairs with and without ILG coating. The volumes of [vbim][PF6], [bmim][PF6], and TEGDMA were 100, 100, and 50 μL, respectively. The concentration of BPO was 50 μg mL−1. Scale bars, 50 μm (left) and 58.8 μm (right).
(B) Number of adsorbed spores per unit fiber length for the various functional fibers. *Not determined because no spores were adsorbed on these fibers.
(C) Schematic of the electrostatic flocking device.
(D and E) Vertically aligned animal hairs on tape with and without ILG coating. The volumes of [vbim][PF6], [bmim][PF6], and TEGDMA were 100, 100, and 50 μL, respectively. The concentration of BPO was 50 mg. Scale bars, 1 cm.
Chem 2017 2, DOI: ( /j.chempr )
Copyright © 2017 Elsevier Inc. Terms and Conditions

6. Figure 4 Pollination by Materially Engineered Artificial Pollinators
(A) ILG-coated-animal-hair-modified artificial pollinator. The black arrow points to the ILG-coated vertically aligned animal hairs. Scale bars, 4 cm.
(B) Launching of the artificial pollinator with radiowave control. Scale bars, 4 cm.
(C) Pollen collection from an L. japonicum flower. Scale bars, 4 cm.
(D) Pollination of another flower by the artificial pollinator. Scale bars, 4 cm.
(E) Photographs of an L. japonicum flower before and after artificial pollination. Scale bars, 1 cm.
(F) Fluorescent microscopy images showing pollen tube formation after artificial pollination. Scale bars, 25 μm (left) and 50 μm (right).
Chem 2017 2, DOI: ( /j.chempr )
Copyright © 2017 Elsevier Inc. Terms and Conditions