1. Get into groups of ONLY 4! Review reading from Animal Farm:
Who are the main characters so far?
Old Major:
Mr. Jones:
Characterization: what do we know about Jones from his appearance in the beginning and end of this chapter?
What was Old Major’s speech like? What did he want for them?
What are ethos, logos, and pathos?

2. Old Major’s Speech Learning Targets:
Students will be able to examine a persuasive speech and identify rhetoric, including ethos, logos, and pathos.
Students will be able to examine the structure of a passage from Animal Farm.
Students will be able to evaluate the allegorical connections between Animal Farm and The Communist Manifesto.
Students will be able to develop background knowledge about communism.

3. Annotating Old Major’s Speech
In your group distribute each page of Old Major’s speech!
Write your name at the top of your page.
Get out 3 different colored writing tools and create a key for Ethos, Logos, and Pathos.
10 minutes: Mark Old Major’s Speech for his use of rhetorical devices and explain (Individual Assessment for Culminating Points)

5. Annotating Old Major’s Speech
How would you describe Old Major’s ideas about how the farm should be run vs how it is run? Who benefits from the work? Who does the work? What value do the animals have to Jones? What value should they have? Do Old Major’s ideas seem familiar to you? Does it maybe seem a bit… COMMUNIST?

6. Annotating Old Major’s Speech
Thesis Claim: In Animal Farm by George Orwell Karl Marx is allegorically represented by the boar Old Major due to his speech’s communist rhetoric; resulting in the animals overthrowing Jones in a communist uprising like the Russian Revolution.
Group Task: Find evidence to support Smith’s thesis by looking for pro-communist ideas in Old Major’s speech. Compare his speech to the contents of The Communist Manifesto.
As your group understands it, what is communism? (think Tea Party from Monday, Journal #28, SS).
Read the quotes from Marx (try and decode them, the vocabulary can be tough). Do you see any of these ideas in Old Major’s speech?
To what extent is Old Major’s speech similar to Marx’s communist ideas? (To what extent is Smith’s thesis’ claim correct?)
Select the 2 or 3 quotes from Marx that best match with Old Major’s speech and connect them together!
Write a new definition of communism incorporating new information from Karl Marx’s words. Why did people need communism?

7. Communism
An economic theory advocating for the elimination of private property and ownership as well as social hierarchy and class distinctions. A strong centralized government controls the flow of goods and services based on equality and need. Karl Marx’s academic works formed the theoretical basis for communism which was in part a reaction to the corruption of capitalism during the industrial revolution. Marx felt that workers (proletariat) deserved the product of their labor and were being taken advantage of, rather than the rich factory owners (bourgeoisie). Communist countries tend to fall victim to totalitarian corruption due to the fact they often have only one party in power.

8. Annotating Old Major’s Speech
Identify if and where Old Major:
Introduces opposing viewpoints (ideas that do not agree with him). What are they?
Does Old Major argue with ideas that disagree with his? (This is called refutation).
Uses any propaganda techniques. What are they?
Uses any anaphora, epiphora, or antaclasis (advanced repetition). What are they?
Uses any literary devices? What are they?
Finally, everything considered, how persuasive is Old Major’s speech? Why?