1. Chapter 1
Science Skills
Page 2

2. What is science? (3:54) 1.1 Science From Curiosity
Science - system of knowledge & methods used to find it
Begins w/ curiosity…ends w/ discovery
Curiosity provides ?’s
Observing/measuring…means to find answers

3. Science and Technology
Science / technology interdependent
Advances in 1 leads to advances in the other

4. Branches of Science

5. Big Ideas of Physical Science
Space and Time
universe age
size
Matter and Change
Small amt for universe
Volume/mass
Atoms
Protons, neutrons, electrons
Forces and Motion
Push/pull causes change
Laws will explain
Energy
Many forms
Drives motion
Transferred/never destroyed

6. Sec 1.2 Using a Scientific Approach p. 7
Scientific Method - organized plan for gathering, organizing, & communicating info
Goal….to solve problem or better understand observed event

7. Copy flow chart into your notes

8. A Scientific Method Making Observations Develop ? / problem
Observation – info that you obtain through your senses
Inference – conclusions drawn based on observations
Develop ? / problem
Form Hypothesis
proposed answer to ?
testable

9. Testing a hypothesis
Manipulated (independent) variable – changed by you to test hyp.
Responding (dependent) variable – changes in response to man. var.
Controlled variable – factors kept constant to test hyp.
Control Group –setup run w/o man.var.

10. Draw Conclusions – does data support hyp? Develop Theory
Scientific Theory – well-tested explanation for observations or experimental results
Tells “why”
Theories are never “proved”
Theories may be revised or replaced
Scientific Method Rap

11. Scientific Laws
Scientific law – statement summarizing pattern found in nature
explains “what”
DOES NOT attempt to explain observed pattern in nature

12. Scientific Models
Scientific Models - makes easier to understand things too hard to observe directly
Ex. Atomic models, models of the solar system, cell models, etc.
The Scientific Method (12:07)

13. Sec 1.3 Measurement p. 14
Scientific Notation – makes very large / very small #’s easer to work w/
expressing value as # from 1-10 x power of 10
Ex. 300,000,000,000 = 3x1011
= 6x10-8

14. SI Units of Measurement (Metric)
Length – straight line dist. btwn 2 pts.
meters (m)
Mass – amt. of matter in object
grams (g)
Volume – amt. of space occupied by object
liters (L)

16. Measuring Temperature
3 temp scales:
Fahrenheit
H2O 32°F
212°F
Celsius
H2O 0°C
100°C
Kelvin (SI base unit for temp)
0 K – lowest possible temp (= °C)
K = °C + 273

17. Significant Figures
Sig Figs are digits in a # that contribute to its precision.
A calculation can only be as precise as it’s LEAST precise measurement.

18. Sig Fig Rules ALL non-zero #’s are always significant.
Any zero btwn two sig figs is significant.
Trailing zeros are only significant in the decimal portion.
(this zero is a sig fig)
1400 (these zeros are NOT sig figs)

19. How many sig figs?
50.5
26.25
10,100
500
650
.050
1.0250

20. Limits of Measurement Precision – gauge of how exact a measurement is
Accuracy – closeness of a measurement to the actual value

21. 1.4 Presenting Scientific Data p. 22
Scientists organize data using data tables and graphs.

22. Data Tables
Relate the manipulated and responding variables

24. Line Graphs Show changes in related variables
Manipulated (Independent) variable is plotted on the x-axis.
Responding (Dependent) variable is plotted on the y-axis.

28. Bar Graphs
Often used to compare a set of measurements, amounts, or changes.

30. Circle Graphs Show how part relates to the whole
Entire circle represents 100%, and slices represent percentages that make up the 100%