1. Session 11 – Implementation and Compliance Issues

2. The premise
Fair and equitable sharing of benefits deriving from the utilization of genetic resources is one of the three basic objectives of the Convention and the principles underlying this objective are set out in article 15 of the Convention.
Access to genetic resources is subject to the prior informed consent of the country where such resources are located and to mutually agreed terms regarding the sharing of benefits which could be derived from such access.
The international regime under development is intended to provide the international framework for the implementation of this key provision of the CBD, as well as related provisions of the Convention. 

3. The mandate
The Conference of the Parties requested in paragraph 13 of decision IX/12 that the Secretariat commission studies on technical and legal issues, which are central elements of the negotiations, including the following: 
Recent developments in methods to identify genetic resources directly based on DNA sequences; 
To identify the different possible ways of tracking and monitoring genetic resources through the use of persistent global unique identifiers, including the practicality, feasibility, costs and benefits of the different options;

4. Scope of document under preparation
DNA-based methods for tracking genetic resources
Statement of problem
Current advances in genetic/genomic identification methods
Technical matters
Persistent identifiers
Definition of persistent identifiers
Intended purpose of persistent identifiers
Application of persistent identifiers
Requirements for implementing a persistent identifier system
What limitations might exist at the international level
The point of intersection
What are the current identifiers in use
Metadata issues
Network/IT issues
Social/Policy issues

5. Scope of document under preparation
DNA-based methods for tracking genetic resources
Statement of problem
Defining genetic resources
Goals of CBD and ABS
Goals of the public sector
Goals of the private sector
Current advances in genetic/genomic identification methods
Probe based
Sequence base
Metadata
Gene/genome annotation
Taxonomic issues
Linkage with existing knowledge bases
Standards evolution

6. Scope of document under preparation
Technical matters
Tracking organisms
What are the different approaches
Single gene
Bacteria/Archaea
Eukaryotes
Multiple gene/genomic
Tracking genes/genomes

7. Scope of document under preparation
Persistent identifiers
Definition of persistent identifiers
Intended purpose of persistent identifiers
Application of persistent identifiers
Requirements for implementing a persistent identifier system
Technical requirements
Infrastructure
Resolvers
Metadata
Social requirements
Evolution of standards bodies
Leveraging existing efforts
IP landscape
Business models
What limitations might exist at the international level
Technical and social

8. Scope of document under preparation
The point of intersection
What are the current identifiers in use
Molecular biology/genomics
STM and legal publishing
Biodiversity informatics
LIMS systems used in the public/private sector
Metadata issues
Standards (including ISO)
Current
Evolving
Network/IT issues
Centralized vs. distributed authorities
Social/Policy issues (business models)
Public vs. private funding
Sustainability
Data provenance and IP issues

9. Scope of document under preparation
The point of intersection
What are the current identifiers in use
Metadata issues
Network/IT issues
Social/Policy issues

10. The lead authors George M. Garrity, Sc.D. David Schindel, Ph. D.
Michigan State University
David Schindel, Ph. D.
CBOL/Smithsonian Institute
Philippe Desmethe, Ph. D.
Belgian Science Policy Office
David Ussery
Technical University of Denmark
Norman Paskin, Ph.D.
International DOI Foundation
Robert Kahn
Corporation for National Research Initiatives
Lorranine Thompson, Ph.D.
Independent consultant