1. Regular Day 35 AB Research
Participial Phrases
Gerund Phrases—sentences due Tuesday
Vocabulary: Relative Prefixes
Writing Research papers—pgs 243, 800
Typed Outline due Today
Add sentences using phrases
Typed Draft due Tuesday, Jan. 8
Typed Outline, Final Draft, Works Cited, and Packet due Thursday, January 12
Speeches Begin Wednesday, Jan. 16

2. A gerund is a form of verb used as a noun.
Gerunds always end in –ing.
Gerunds always act as nouns.
Leroy expanded his skills by studying.
At the age of ten, Irving started running.
My mother’s favorite occupation, nagging, makes her tedious company.
The quiet, steady humming soothed him to sleep.
My evening routine features cooking a delicious dinner.
Thousands of Kurt Cobain fans showed their love for the dead rocker by buying his CD boxed set.
Don’t confuse gerunds with present participles, even though they both end with –ing. A gerund functions only as a noun, while a participle functions only as a modifier.
Rozakis, Laurie. The Complete Idiot’s Guide to Grammar and Style. New York: Alpha Books, 1997 (137-38).

3. The gerund phrase includes the gerund and the object of the gerund or any modifiers related to the gerund.
[In the following examples, the gerund is bold and the gerund phrase is underlined.]
Flying above the lake at this time of night seems a little dangerous.
FLYING is the subject of the sentence. A subject is a noun. A form of the verb ending in ING and used as a noun is a gerund. FLYING is a gerund.
Bill decided that scrambling over the pile of debris was not safe.
SCRAMBLING is the subject of the dependent clause. A subject is a noun. A form of the verb ending in ING and used as a noun is a gerund. SCRAMBLING is a gerund.
Ethan avoided doing his homework because the Wolfpack were playing the Royals.
DOING is the direct object of the verb AVOIDED. An object is a noun. A form of the verb ending in ING and used as a noun is a gerund. DOING is a gerund. HOMEWORK is the object of the gerund.
The student gathered signatures for increasing the hours of the library.
INCREASING is the object of the preposition FOR. An object is a noun. A form of the verb ending in ING and used as a noun is a gerund. INCREASING is a gerund. HOURS is the object of the gerund.
Philip Morris continues its fight to prevent government from regulating tobacco; nevertheless, the government is placing restrictions on marketing cigarettes to youth.
Both REGULATING and MARKETING are objects of prepositions (FROM and ON).
The young man opposes marketing smoking cigarettes as if it were glamorous.
MARKETING is the direct object of the verb OPPOSES. SMOKING is a gerund and the object of the gerund MARKETING. CIGARETTES is the object of the gerund SMOKING.
Andrew continues his crusade to prevent the university from limiting free speech.
LIMITING is the object of the preposition FROM. SPEECH is the object of the GERUND.

4. -ing: What’s the difference?
Present Tense Verb (requires a helping verb)
Bob was helping Su tie her shoe.
Participle
The helping boy tripped on his shoe laces.
Gerund
He loves helping.