1. Notes: Cell Basics and Organelles
Life – it’s all about the cell

2. Levels of organization
ATOMS  elements
Organic molecules – Carb, Lip, Prot, NA
(biomolecules)
ORGANELLES – cell parts w/specific functions
CELLS – **1st level of life **
TISSUE
ORGAN
ORGAN SYSTEM
ORGANISM
8 levels

4. Example

5. Cell Trivia An adult has approx. 60 trillion cells
Each of your eyes has 125 million light sensitive cells that are connected to 1 million nerve cells
When you donate blood, you give up 5.4 billion cells
A square cm of your skin is made up of 155,000 cells.
There are 30 billion cells in your brain.

6. Prokaryotic cells Simple cells – very small
pro=before kary=nucleus
Prokaryotic cells
Simple cells – very small
1st cells on Earth – 3.5 BYA
Kingdom Eubacteria & Archaebacteria
Do NOT have nucleus, but do have nucleic acid/material
Most have a cell wall
Do NOT have organelles

7. DNA

8. Eukaryotic Cells All other kingdoms (plants, animals, protists, fungi)
eu=true
Eukaryotic Cells
All other kingdoms (plants, animals, protists, fungi)
Found on Earth 1.5 BYA
Has a nucleus and membrane-bound organelles

10. Quick check – Why is this cell eukaryotic?
Because it has a cell wall.
Because it contains DNA.
Because it has membrane-bound organelles.
Because it does not have DNA.
Nucleus
Nucleolus
Chromosomes
Organelles
Plasma membrane

11. Eukaryotic Cell Structures
Cell/Plasma Membrane
Cell Wall
Cytoplasm
Nucleus
Nuclear Envelope
Nucleolus
Chloroplast
Mitochondria
Smooth ER/
Rough ER
Ribosome
Golgi Apparatus
Vacuole
Lysosome
Cytoskeleton
Cilia
Flagella

12. 1. Plasma (Cell) Membrane
Controls what enters and leaves the cell
Made up of a phospholipid bilayer and imbedded proteins

13. 2. Cell Wall Provides protection to the cell, Found around the
cell membrane in
bacteria, plant,
fungal and some
protist cells.

14. 3. Cytoplasm
Fluid that supports
and holds
organelles in place

15. 4. Nucleus – control center of cell
5. Nuclear envelope/membrane
6. Nucleolus – produces ribosomes

16. 7. Chloroplast Green organelle found in plants And some protists.
Photosynthesis occurs here

17. 8. Mitochondria – site of cellular respiration

18. 9. Smooth Endoplasmic Reticulum (ER) – produces and transports lipids
10. Rough Endoplasmic Reticulum (ER) – produces and transports proteins

19. 11. Ribosome – site of protein synthesis

20. 12. Golgi Apparatus (Complex or Bodies) – produces vesicles, modifies, packages and transports proteins

21. 13. Vacuole Stores food, water and waste products.
Large and central in plant
cells
Small and numerous in
animal cells

22. 14. Lysosomes – break down waste and foreign invaders, not found in plant cells

23. 15. Cytoskeleton – Provides shape and structure to cell
microfilaments
microtubules

24. 16. Cilia - 17. Flagella – hair-like projections for movement
16. Cilia Flagella – hair-like projections for movement Tail-like projections for movement
Ciliated respiratory cells

25. 18. Centrioles – found in animal cells, aid in cellular division