1. Relationships
Ms. Cuthrell

2. 2.1.3
Explain various ways organisms interact with each other (including predation, competition, parasitism, mutualism) and with their environments resulting in stability within ecosystems.

3. Symbiosis
two or more species live together in a close, long-term association.

4. Mutualism How are both organisms benefiting?

5. Mutualism - both species benefit. +/+ relationship
Ex: mycorrhizae (fungus and plant root tips), Galapagos lizard and bird

6. Parasitism Who is benefitting and how? Who is being harmed and how?

7. Parasitism - one species benefits at the expense of the other.
One organism feeds on and usually lives on or in another, typically larger, organism.
+/- relationship
Ex: tape worms, ticks, fleas, mosquitos

8. Commensalism Debated upon if it is still a true relationship.
One organism is benefited and the other is unaffected.
+/ NA
Ex: Shark and Remora

9. Predator-Prey Who is the predator? Who is the prey?
Who is the predator?
Who is the prey?

10. Predators and Prey Coevolve
Predation is the act of one organism killing another for food.
Ex: Lions and zebras; spiders and insects

11. Plant Defenses Against Herbivores
Plants often become prey.
Defenses include thorns, spines, and prickles.
Virtually all plants contain defensive compounds called secondary compounds.

12. Predator/Prey Relationships

13. Competition What are the organisms fighting for?

14. Competition Interaction among species help shape communities.
Competition occurs when two species use the same limited resource.
Competition can limit how species use resources.

15. Limiting Factors of Growth
These pressures may cause a population to stabilize. Graphed the population would look like a S-shaped curve (logistic model). This means the organisms have reached the carrying capacity (K) of their environment.

16. Communication
Pheromones- chemicals released by bees, ants, and termites.
Sounds
Echolocation

17. Courtship Dances Showing off traits to impress a mate.

18. Territorial Defense Defending space. Ex: fighting fish

19. Ecological Interaction Project
For this project, students will be working in groups of two or three. The group must collaborate to choose a living species and investigate the role the species plays in their environment concerning population, interactions, and how human interaction relationships may affect their population’s future.
Students will write a paper, design a presentation, or a webpage that includes all of their core information on population dynamics, ecosystem, specific symbiotic relationships between organisms that interact with the chosen species, and potential effects of human population growth including climate change.
The total project will include an individual content product and a group multimedia/ creative product, as well as, being evaluated for their personal collaborative effort.

20. Ecological Interactions Project
Major Student Products:
Product Part I: 50% of total grade- Paper, Presentation, or Webpage
Product Part II: 40% of total grade- Use the information from Part I to make a multimedia/ creative project (such as a glogster, prezi, model, pamphlet to raise awareness, video, mini-documentary, etc.) that they will present to the class.
Product Part III: 10% of total grade- Students in each group will be asked to evaluate effort of the other students in their group on a scale of points depending on the amount of effort and collaboration each group member contributed.