1. Adaptations

2. Adaptation = A structural or behavioral trait that helps an organism survive and reproduce in its changing environment.
Adaptations might be for food getting, protection and movement.
What are adaptations?

3. Structural adaptations – a physical trait the organism has
Beak length, fur color, pattern on fur
Can be acquired or inherited
What are Adaptations?

4. Behavioral adaptations – something an organism does (a behavior)
What are Adaptations?
Behavioral adaptations – something an organism does (a behavior)
Eats bugs, roars, gives live birth
May be an instinct (born with it) or learned (learns from others or from surroundings)

5. Adaptations may occur when a gene mutates or changes by accident.
Mutations
Adaptations may occur when a gene mutates or changes by accident.
Mutation = a permanent, heritable change

6. Red Kangaroo
Fennec Fox
DESERT

7. Penguins
Musk Ox
ARCTIC

8. Vines
Calugo
RAINFOREST

9. Raccoon - http://www. bing
Raccoon - o/raccoons-masters-of- adaptation/p86yt8z
Raccoon article: mal/raccoons.htm
URBAN (CITY)

10. URBAN (CITY) Cockroach
ofcockroaches/a/Why-Cockroaches- Survive.htm

11. Narwhal MARINE (OCEAN)
o/weirdest-narwhals

12. Adaptations in various environments
Does an adaptation for one environment always help an organism survive in a DIFFERENT environment?
No.
Adaptations in various environments

13. Can you predict where I live?
Waterproof skin

14. Can you predict where I live?
Surprise! All skin is waterproof unless there’s something wrong with it.
Some organisms benefit from skin that is made for water, however.
Can you predict where I live?

15. Can you predict where I live?
Thick white fur

16. Can you predict where I live?

17. Can you predict where I live?
Running very quickly

18. Can you predict where I live?

19. Organism 1
What do I probably eat?

20. Adelie penguins’ spiny tongue prevents fish from swimming out of its mouth once caught

21. Organism 2
What do I probably eat?

22. Cows have teeth for cutting grass
5th finished this slide

23. Organism 3
What do I probably eat?

24. The Leatherback turtle eats soft marine animals like jellyfish
8th period finished this slide

25. Organism 4
What do I probably eat?

26. Sphinx moths stick their tongues into flowers for nectar

27. …in a RIVER? Organism 1 Organism 2
Who will survive?
Salmon on left, orca on right; 7th period finished this slide

28. …in a TREE? Organism 3 Organism 4
Who will survive?
Squirrel claws on left, shark teeth on right

29. …in a CORAL REEF? Organism 5 Organism 6
Who will survive?
Sperm whale on left, starfish on right

30. The structure (form) of an organism is related to what that organism does.
Form Fits Function

31. Example: birds have hollow bones, which allows them to fly
Form (hollow bones) fits function (flying)
Form Fits Function

32. Example: sunflowers have bright flowers to attract bees that pollinate the plants.
Form (bright flowers) fits function (attracting bees so the plant can reproduce!)
Form Fits Function

33. Changes in Genetic Traits
What might cause genetic traits in populations to change?
Changes in Genetic Traits

34. Changes in Genetic Traits
MANMADE INFLUENCES
Artificial selection
We only choose the offspring with traits we like to be the parents of the next generation
Example: CORN! We only use seeds from the “good” corn to plant for next year’s corn.
Changes in Genetic Traits

35. Changes in Genetic Traits
MANMADE INFLUENCES
We only choose the offspring with traits we like to be the parents of the next generation
Example: DOGS! We choose the dogs that are “better” to be the parents of new puppies
Changes in Genetic Traits

36. Changes in Genetic Traits
MANMADE INFLUENCES
We only choose the offspring with traits we like to be the parents of the next generation
Example: COWS. Choose cows that make a lot of milk to breed for dairy cows
Changes in Genetic Traits

37. Changes in Genetic Traits
MANMADE INFLUENCES
We change the environment, and certain organisms don’t survive anymore.
Example: Peppered moth
Changes in Genetic Traits

38. Changes in Genetic Traits

39. Changes in Genetic Traits
NATURAL INFLUENCES
Natural selection
Mimicry – something looks like (mimics) something else
Changes in Genetic Traits

40. NATURAL INFLUENCES
Natural selection
Camouflage – predators can’t see it to eat it. It survives and reproduces!

41. Yes! Heterozygous traits!
You kill off the parents who can’t survive – will some of the offspring of the survivors still have those “bad” traits?
Yes! Heterozygous traits!
It takes time for the appearance of a population to change.
Change over time = evolution
It Takes Time