1. AIM:
HOW DO ENZYMES WORK?

2. DO NOW:
Identify the type of organic compound that is represented to the right.
Which chemical reaction created this compound?
3. Identify the type of organic compound that is represented above.
4. Which chemical reaction is represented in the diagram above?

3. Dehydatrion Synthesis Hydrolysis
H2O H2O
Forming Breaking Down
Small to large Large to small
Two to one One to two

4. Enzymes are used temporarily & then recycled. ENZYMES ARE MUCH LARGER
LOCK & KEY MODEL
ENZYME SUBSTRATE COMPLEX
SUBSTRATE
ACTIVE SITE
There is an active site where the actual chemical reaction takes place.
ENZYME
Enzymes are used temporarily & then recycled.
ENZYMES ARE MUCH LARGER
THAN THE MOLECULES
WITH WHICH THEY INTERACT.

5. DEHYDRATION SYNTHESIS
Substrates 4 2
Product 5 1 3
Active Site
Enzyme-substrate
complex
Enzyme
DEHYDRATION SYNTHESIS

6. Forms an ENZYME-SUBSTRATE COMPLEX
Enzymes have an ACTIVE SITE, where substrate molecules fit temporarily into the enzyme.
Forms an ENZYME-SUBSTRATE COMPLEX
ACTIVE SITE
SUBSTRATE
PRODUCT

7. HYDROLYSIS

9. HYDROLYSIS

10. HYDROLYSIS
DEHYDRATION SYNTHESIS

11. AIM: HOW DO ENZYMES WORK?
DAY 2

12. Factors that affect enzyme activity Enzyme/substrate concentrations
DO NOW:
Factors that affect enzyme activity PH
TEMPERATURE
Enzyme/substrate concentrations

13. 1. Temperature: The optimum temperature for most enzymes is
98.6 F or 37 C.
OPTIMUM TEMPERATURE
DENATURES

14. Maximum amount of activity effectiveness of an enzyme.
DEFINITIONS
OPTIMUM
Maximum amount of activity
DENATURATION
The loss of
effectiveness of an enzyme.
The enzyme begins to break down.

15. Which quadrant show optimum
enzyme activity?

16. 2. Relative amounts of enzyme and substrate
Reaction rate depends on how often enzymes & substrates bump into each other
By adding more enzymes increases the # of molecules to interact with substrate.
The reactions maximum rate is reached when
all enzymes are attached to substrate.

17. What’s happening in this graph?

18. 3. pH: The optimum pH for most
enzymes is 7.
Exceptions :Pepsin (gastric protease)
Trypsin (intestinal protease)
Pepsin works best at pH of 3
Trypsin pH of 8

20. REVIEW

21. pH: Human enzymes function best at a pH of 7

22. Temperature: Human enzymes function best at 98.6o F

23. Concentration: the ratio of substrate and enzyme, As the concentration of either is increased the rate of reaction increases.

24. Enzyme Function The rate at which an enzyme functions is affected by:pH
Temperature
Concentration of substrate

25. 1. Identify A, C, D 2. If figure D is a disaccharide, what
must figures A & B represent?

26. pH Aim: How are Compounds differentiated? Strong Base Strong Acid
is a scale designed to describe whether a compound is an acid or a base AND its strength.
Strong Base
Strong Acid
Neutral

27. pH is a measure of how acidic or basic a solution is.
A scale with values ranging from below 0 to above 14 27

28. Acids Substances with a pH below 7 are acidic. An acid is
any substance
that forms hydrogen
ions (H+) in water.
Example: Lemon juice and soda

29. Bases Substances with a pH above 7 are basic.
A base is any substance that forms hydroxide ions (OH-) in water.
Example: Soap
and household cleaners

30. Neutral
A substance that is neither acidic nor basic or a pH of 7 is neutral
Example : Water
Acidic and basic are two extremes that describe chemicals, just like hot and cold are two extremes that describe temperature.

31. Biological Indicators
Litmus Paper
Hydrion Paper
Used to test the level of pH
Provides a specific number
Used to identify is the substance in an acid or a base

33. TASTE SOUR, REACT WITH METALS AND TURN LITMUS PAPER RED
ACIDS
TASTE BITTER, FEEL SLIPPERY, REACT WITH LITMUS PAPER TO TURN IT BLUE
BASES

34. Benedict's Solution Biuret's Solution Iodine Used to test for the
presence of glucose
Biuret's Solution
Used to test for the
presence of proteins
Iodine
Used to test for the
presence of starch

35. Measures the concentration of
WHAT DOES pH TELL US?
Measures the concentration of
H+ ions in a solution.
BELOW 7, THE SUBSTANCE IS ACIDIC.
ABOVE 7, THE SUBSTANCE IS BASIC.
IF THE pH IS 7, THEN IT IS NEUTRAL.