1. History of the Universe
Following the Big Bang….

2. Following the Big “Bang”….
10-33 second after, cosmic inflation ends
a period of extremely rapid (exponential) expansion of the universe
second after, intense gamma radiation. Only energy exists.

3. ~ Seconds After,
The universe is now larger than the size a grapefruit
the temp. dropped below 1 billion °C.
energy froze into matter according to Einstein’s equation, E=mc2.
energy changed into particles of matter & antimatter
These two opposite types of particles largely destroyed each other.
But some protons and neutrons survived and clumped together

4. After 380 000 years, the Universe has cooled to about 3000 °C.
Atomic nuclei could now capture electrons to form atoms.
The Universe filled with clouds of hydrogen (H) and helium (He) gas.
The early Universe was about 75% H and 25% He .
It is still almost the same today.

5. ~ 400 million years after,
the gas became hot and dense enough for the first stars to form.

6. ~ 400 million – 1 billion years after,
Large clusters of stars soon became the first galaxies.

7. ~ 9 billion years ago,
Our Solar system forms