2. That is a book that/which I have not yet read.
Books have been discovered that/which address the horrors of the Salem witch trials.
That book about the Salem witch trials, that/which was discovered in the basement of the library, will be published next year.
That is a book that/which I have not yet read.
The state law that/which banned logging ancient redwoods began at the grassroots level.
The state law to ban logging ancient redwoods, that/which began at the grassroots level, has gained the attention of lawmakers at the national level.
Retrieved from:

3. That is a situation I have not thought of.
These sentences are okay, but they could be better. What’s wrong with these sentences?
That is a situation I have not thought of.
She is a person I cannot cope with.
It is behaviour I will not put up with.

4. Orwellian Projects
POINT - Provide a topic sentence of what you paragraph is going to be about. Explain what Orwellian means in your own words.
Introduce your evidence; you should identify and describe the purpose and audience of each piece of evidence.
EVIDENCE – This could be direct quotations or paraphrased. Regardless, you must cite your sources. Please refer to the handout.
EXPLANATION/ANALYZE – Now at this part you have to answer these questions: In other words, what is the essence of an Orwellian/totalitarian state according to what you have learned from your research? Questions to consider: “What insights have you gained by reading the texts? What possibilities can you imagine now that you might not have considered before reading the texts?”

5. How can I improve my writing?
To know the purpose and thesis of particular essays.
To understand the elements of an effective essay.
To be able to reflect and evaluate the writing styles of different essays.
Diction; Voice; Coherence
Thesis; Transition; Rubric

6. Tone: the author’s attitude toward his or her subject; imagine the “tone of voice” an author would use to read the essay aloud
Hints: Be sure that:
When you discuss tone, you are talking about a specific attitude the author has toward the subject being discussed
Offer a specific writing technique the author used to create the tone; choose from diction, examples or rhetorical devices
You quote an example from the passage that proves your observation is valid – write out quote in full sentences
Explain how the technique helps to achieve the tone

7. Coherence: Writing techniques used to “tie together” the various parts of the piece. Effective writers create coherence by using the following techniques:
Purposeful Repetition of a word, idea, image, etc.
Transition Words such as initially, therefore, furthermore, however, nevertheless, consequently, finally
These words move ideas smoothly from one to the next.
Hints: Be sure that:
When you discuss coherence, you are discussing a specific method the author uses to move smoothly from one idea to the next
You quote more than one example from the passage that proves your observation is valid; more than one example proves that parts of the essay are being linked together
Explain how the examples link parts of the writing together

8. To make sure you completely understand it.
To know the purpose and thesis of particular essays. To understand the elements of an effective essay.
Before we take up “The Modest Proposal”, let’s read this handout on voice and tone.
To make sure you completely understand it.
Then you will be able to discuss “The Modest Proposal” academically.
Diction; Voice; Coherence
Thesis; Transition; Rubric

9. Diction; Voice; Coherence Thesis; Transition; Rubric
To know the purpose and thesis of particular essays. To understand the elements of an effective essay.
In groups:
In point-form, outline the speaker’s “modest proposal” and several reasons presented to support it. Then record your personal reactions: How did you react when you first realized what is being proposed? At what point did you realize that the proposal is satirical?
Why do you think writers are often among the first people imprisoned by totalitarian regimes?
Diction; Voice; Coherence
Thesis; Transition; Rubric

10. Right now, you’re going to be reading two essays in your groups.
To be able to reflect and evaluate the writing styles of different essays.
Right now, you’re going to be reading two essays in your groups.
You’re going to assign a mark out of 100%. Don’t worry about the MLA grade.
Before we do that, let’s go through what university expects of you.
Diction; Voice; Coherence
Thesis; Transition; Rubric

11. Homework
You’re going to be reading “Why I Write” personal essay by George Orwell.
Think about the literary theories, especially Formalism.