1. Sit anywhere.
Don’t get comfy!

2. The Age of Imperialism

3. Forms of Colonial Control
Colony: country or region governed by foreign power
Protectorate: country or territory with its own internal government but under the control of an outside power
Sphere of Influence: an area in which an outside power claims exclusive investment or trading privileges
Economic Imperialism: independent but less developed nations are controlled by private business interests rather than other governments

4. Britain & US – Indirect Control
France – Direct Control
Paternalism
Assimilation vs. Association

5. Humanitarian & Religion
Capitalism
Humanitarian & Religion
Political & Military
Social Darwinism

6. From 1880 to 1914 European nations used imperialism to dominate the continent of Africa

7. King Leopold II of Belgium

8. Quick class discussion:
The race for African colonies was so fierce that Europeans became afraid wars would break out
In 1884, 14 nations met at the Congress of Berlin to “set the rules” for colonizing in Africa
Any nation could claim land in Africa by notifying other nations & showing it could control the area
Quick class discussion:
What kind of rules do you think they came up with?
No African nations were invited to attend; No concern was given to ethic divisions in Africa

9. By 1914, Europeans controlled 90% of Africa
France took most of west Africa
Belgium claimed the Congo in central Africa
Germany had many colonies throughout Africa
These nations used African colonies to gain diamonds, tin, gold, rubber & built cash-crop plantations

10. The most dominant imperial power in Africa was Great Britain
British industry fueled demand for raw materials
Britain claimed colonies in Egypt & in East Africa
England
In 1882, Britain seized control of the Suez Canal from a French company
India
Britain seized control of South Africa from the Dutch
Egypt
Many citizens in England dreamed of a British colony from “Capetown to Cairo”
South Africa

11. His DeBeers Company created diamond mines in South Africa
The most important empire-builder in Africa was British businessman, Cecil Rhodes
His DeBeers Company created diamond mines in South Africa
Rhodes gained new colonies for Britain in southern Africa
Rhodes used his wealth to build railroads & telegraph lines in Africa

12. Impact of Colonial Rule
Reduce warfare, increased life span & literacy, railroads, telephone lines
Africans lose control, loss of cultures, men left home to work
Division of the continent, regardless of tribal boundaries

13. Ottoman Empire Loses Power

14. Among all of Britain’s colonies, the most valuable was India
Britain had so many colonies that it was said that the “sun never set on the British Empire”
Among all of Britain’s colonies, the most valuable was India
How did India become the “brightest jewel in the crown”?

15. Raw materials like cotton helped fuel Britain’s industrial revolution
The East India Company made huge profits creating plantations to harvest tea, coffee, cotton, & opium
Raw materials like cotton helped fuel Britain’s industrial revolution
Opium was refined in India & smuggled into China; Opium addition helped the British gain access to Chinese trade
The East India Company sold cheap, British-made textiles to Indian people

16. From 1750 to 1850, the British East India Co ruled most of India with little interference from Britain
To protect their trade & territories, British officials hired Indian soldiers called sepoys

17. By the 1850s, Indian resentment for the British was growing
Execution of sepoys
By the 1850s, Indian resentment for the British was growing
In 1857, rumors spread that sepoy gun cartridges supplied by the British by were greased with pork & beef fat
Hindu & Muslim sepoys were outraged & rebelled against the British
The Sepoy Rebellion lasted 1 year; The British gov’t had to send troops to help the East India Co

18. British Queen Victoria assumed the title of “Empress of India”
In 1858, the British gov’t took control from the East India Company & ruled India directly; British rule was called the “Raj” & lasted until 1947
The British government made important improvements in India including railroads, telegraph & telephone lines, roads, canals, dams, bridges
British Queen Victoria assumed the title of “Empress of India”
Britain also built schools, hospitals, irrigation projects, & medical improvements