1. From DNA to Protein
Recall that DNA serves as the set of directions for building each and every protein in an organism.

2. Transcription Translation
Getting from DNA to Protein takes 2 steps:
DNA
Transcription
Transcription
Process where DNA is used as a template for building RNA .
RNA is able to leave the nucleus through the nuclear pores
* 3 Types of RNA are made.
RNA
mRNA
(Ribosome - rRNA)
Translation
Translation
The 3 types of RNA work together to build a protein.
Polypeptide

3. RNA RNA “Ribonucleic acid” A variety of nucleic acids that work
together to build proteins
Made of a single strand of
Monomers called:
Nucleotides
Phosphate group
Nitrogen Base
A,U,G,C
Ribose

4. 4 Differences Between DNA & RNA:
The Sugar:
The Nitrogen Bases:
# of Stands:
Shape:
Deoxyribose
Ribose
AGC & Thymine
AGC & Uracil
Double stranded
Single stranded
Double Helix
3 Different Shapes

5. Process of making RNA using DNA as a template
Transcription
Process of making RNA using DNA as a template
Transcribe = “to copy”

6. Steps of Transcription :
1. Enzyme RNA polymerase binds to DNA & “unzips” it
(Breaks hydrogen bonds between complimentary base pairs)
It then directs the formation of new hydrogen bonds
between the exposed DNA bases and complementary RNA
nucleotides floating free in the nucleus.
It then establishes sugar-to-phosphate bonds between the
newly added RNA nucleotides.
Completed RNA strand is released & the DNA strand
“zips” back together.
* DNA is unchanged by this process!
* RNA leaves nucleus  ribosome for protein synthesis

7. Transcription Animation

8. Since DNA is used as the template for building RNA, they will always be complimentary to each other. See if you can transcribe the DNA code below: G U U A C C G A U

9. Produces all 3 types of RNA
From DNA to RNA
Transcription
Produces all 3 types of RNA
tRNA = Transfer RNA
Hairpin shaped. Picks up & delivers specific amino acids to the ribosome for assembly when called for by the message.
mRNA = Messenger RNA
Linear or ribbon shaped. This is a copy of the DNA directions for building the protein. It dictates the sequence of the amino acids in the polypeptide.
rRNA = Ribosomal RNA
Complex form of RNA that is globular shaped. Forms the organelles called ribosomes, which read the RNA message and join the amino acids to build a polypeptide.