1. Ethical Public Speaking

2. Responsibility
One of the highest expectations an audience will have is that the speaker will be honest and straightforward.

3. Ethics Ethics- Character An ethical speaker will:
Demonstrate a correct knowledge of the subject matter.
Be trustworthy
Be straightforward
Be honest.
Be Respectful

4. Aristotle
According to Aristotle, speakers will be regarded positively if they do the following:
Be well prepared
Have a sound grasp of the subject
Display sound reasoning skills
Be honest
Display an interest in the audience’s welfare

5. Values
Values- our most enduring judgments or standards of what’s good and bad in life, of what’s important to us.

6. Value Conflicts
Just like feelings can compete with one another, our values can conflict or clash.
Society’s core values also clash.

7. Listener’s Values
As a speaker, you must remember that the audience will likely be made up of people who have differing opinions. Even if their opinions differ from yours, you must still respect them.

8. Identifying Values
Identifying your listener’s values, attitudes and beliefs as they relate to your topic will help you to shape a message that is tailored to your audience.
There are many ways to do this including:
Surveys
Polls
Interviews

9. Identifying Personal Values
Being an ethical speaker involves being conscious not only of other people’s values, but of your own values as well. If you find that certain values are important to you, you will want others to hold the same values.
One way to bring personal values into focus is to conduct a values assessment. There are two different kinds of values
Terminal Values- Desirable ends
Instrumental Values- Valued Characteristics that people can possess.

10. Ground Rules
There is not a single agree-upon code of ethical standards for communication.
Dignity- feeling worthy, honored or respected as a person.
Integrity- Incorruptibility- the ability to avoid compromise for the sake of personal expediency.

11. Trustworthiness
Trustworthiness – a combination of honesty and dependability.
For the public speaker, trustworthiness includes (but is not limited to):
Revealing your true purpose to your audience
Not using misleading, deceptive, or false information.
Acknowledging Sources
And not sacrificing the truth to it. Truth telling can be especially difficult issue in persuasive speeches. When the goal is to try to persuade others to accept a certain viewpoint, take a certain action, or change a behavior, the temptation is to fashion the information in a way that fits the goal, even if it means omitting a fact here and there that would convince the audience otherwise. This means you should acknowledge that there are alternate viewpoints.
Manipulating information to achieve a particular purpose in unethical, or the manufactured of data. Ethically, you are required to support your points truthfully and accurately.
This is an essential aspect of ethical speechmaking. To do otherwise is to commit plagiarism.

12. Respect Respect- Treating people right
For the ethical speaker to show respect, they must do the following:
Focus on the issues rather than on personalities.
Allow the audience the power of rational choice
Avoid in-group and out-group distinctions
Civil disagreement is quite appropriate in a speech. Personal attacks on character on are not.
Audiences deserve to hear information in a way that permits them to rationalize and choose for themselves. In most cases, it is not necessary to use graphic or shocking material to make your point. If you feel the need to use some upsetting material, let the audience know ahead of time.
Each of us wants to feel included. One of the most unethical things a public speaker can do is make some members of the audience feel excluded or victimized.

13. Respect cont. Jargon- Specialize Terminology
Ethnocentrism- The belief that one’s own culture is superior to those of other cultures.
Stereotype-A belief about someone based solely on that person’s racial, ethnical, religious, gender, sexual orientation, or other characteristics.
Hate Speech- any offensive communication both verbal and non verbal that is directed against people’s racial, ethnical, religious, gender, sexual orientation, or other characteristics.
One simple thing you can do to make the audience feel included is to maintain eye contact. This indicates acknowledgment and respect for their presence.
Try to used language that everyone can understand.1. It is fine to use jargon, but jargon should not be used if the terms are unfamiliar to even a small segment of the audience, and should be explained to the audience.
Probably a much more serious ethical breach is the expression of ethnocentrism, stereotypes or prejudice. Ethnocentric speakers act as though everyone shares their point of view and point of reference . They may tell jokes that require a certain context. Ethical speakers on the other hand, assume differences and address them respectfully.
Hate speech is the ultimate vehicle for promoting in-group and out-group distinctions.

14. Responsibility
Communication is a strong tool for influencing people. Speaking with responsibility includes evaluating the usefulness and appropriateness of your topic and purpose, using sound evidence and reasoning, striving for accuracy, and using emotional appeals responsibly.

15. Responsibility
When preparing a speech, the responsible public speaker should consider:
Topic and Purpose
Evidence and Reasoning
Accuracy
Honest use of Emotion
Will learing about your topic in some way benefit your listeners? Are your overall speech aims socially constructive? What effect will your speech have on your listeners? Are your topic and purpose appropriate to the audience and the occasion?
Are your arguments sound? Have you examined them critically? Sloppy evidence and reasoning distort the truth.
Is the contenct of your message accurate? Are the facts correct? Accuracy is key in ethical speaking.
If they are supported by facts, emotional appeals are a legitimate way for a speaker to achieve his or her goal.

16. Evaluating Internet Sources
With all the information on the internet today, it is important to determine which sites are good resources and which are not.
You want to find CREDIBLE sources!
Credible means correct, non biased, believable information.
WIKIPEDIA IS NOT A CREDIBLE SOURCE!

17. Credibility
Is the name of the author or the organization at the top or bottom of the page?
Does the home page of the site offer information about the author or organization?
Can you find more information about the credibility of the author or the organization in other sources?
Is the “date updated” indicated at the top or bottom of the page? Does the author update the information regularly?
Does the url say something like .org, .edu, or .gov?

18. Where and When to Cite? When using any stat or fact from your article.
Differences between the 1st cite and all others
What do you need to say?

19. Verbally Citing Your Sources
In their book Communicating with credibility and confidence from Lumsden state that…”
“According to Stillman in the Handbook of educational counseling from 1994…”
“Kibbens explains in an article from The Michigan Monitor, 1996 that…”
“As stated by Jones in 2000 at the storytime.com website…”
“In The new encyclopedia Britannica of 1993, Bergmann identifies…”

20. MLA Use the MLA format A work by one author
White, Theodore. Making of the President, New York: Atheneum, 1961.
A Web site with an editor
“Castro-Kennedy Contacts: a Secret Path to Peace.” The Paper Trail. Ed. Jon Elliston. Winter Parascope. 17 July 2008<
Walk them through easy bib

21. Plagiarism
Plagiarism- the passing off of another person’s information as your own!
What’s the big deal?
It’s cheating
It’s stealing
You will be caught
There will be consequences

22. How to Avoid Plagiarism
The rule for avoiding plagiarism is pretty easy: Any source that requires credit in written form also gets credited when giving a speech.
To avoid plagiarism, you much acknowledge
Other People’s ideas, opinions, and theories
Other people’s evidence
Other people’s research
Direct quotations
Paraphrased Info
Facts gathered from other sources

23. Steps to Avoid Plagiarism
Know how to quote, paraphrase, and summarize sources.
Keep track of your sources as you collect them
Create a system for keeping tract of your sources. (footnotes, a works cited page, etc)
Learn how to keep track of sources.