1. Classification of Living Things
old school

2. ______________ = the number of different species in an ecosystem
REMEMBER…
BIODIVERSITY
______________ = the number of different species in an ecosystem
___________ = population of organisms that share similar characteristics and can interbreed.
SPECIES

3. Biologists have identified and named over______________ species so far.
Estimates = between million species yet be discovered
1.5 million

4. WHY CLASSIFY? Identifies and names organisms
Groups organisms in a logical manner

5. ______________ = branch of biology that names and groups organisms based on similarities and molecular evidence.
TAXONOMY

6. Common names can vary Example: puma, catamount, mountain lion, cougar
. . . are all names for same animal
By using a universally accepted scientific name,
scientists can be sure they are discussing
the same organism

7. Common names vary Chipmunk Streifenhornchen (German) Tamia (Italian)
Ardilla listada (Spanish)

8. Common names can be misleading
Ex: A jellyFISH isn’t a fish,
but a seaHORSE is!
Sea cucumber sounds like a plant but… it’s an animal!

9. BINOMIAL NOMENCLATURE 2-name naming system created by Linnaeus )
GENUS NAME
1st name = _______________
Always capitalized
SPECIES NAME
2nd name = _________________
Always lower case
Both names are ______________ or written in ____________.
Example: Homo sapiens
UNDERLINED
ITALICS

10. Dear Domain King Kingdom Philip Phylum Come Class Over Order For
Organisms are grouped in a hierarchy
of different levels or TAXA based on similar characteristics:
Dear
King
Philip
Come
Over
For
Great
Spagetti
Domain
Kingdom
Phylum
Class
Order
Family
Genus
Species

11. Domain
Kingdom
Phylum
Class
Order
Family
Genus Species
Eukarya
Animalia
Chordata
Mammalia
Carnivora
Felidae
Panthera
leo

12. GENUS = group of closely related species
(Includes many kinds of bears)
SPECIES = unique to each kind of bear
GENUS = Ursus
Ursus arctos
Ursus maritimus
Ursus americanis

13. How are relationships determined?
Evolutionary history (phylogeny).
Cladistics- classifies organisms according to the order they diverged from a common ancestor.
Sequence orders of organisms based on derived characters that evolved with respect to a common outgroup
Development and Behavior
Biochemistry (Nucleic acids and amino acids) and Genetics

14. CLADOGRAM - a diagram that depicts evolutionary relationships among groups. - based on PHYLOGENY, or the study of evolutionary relationships.
Derived character

15. Dichotomous keys
tool used to help identify unknown organisms based on a key. The key has a series of choices that leads the user to correctly identify organism(s).
Dichotomous keys help scientists to classify organisms into different taxonomic levels (kingdom, phylum, family, etc.) based off of their similar characteristics.

17. Kingdoms & Domains

18. 3 DOMAINS 6 KINGDOMS Eubacteria Archaebacteria Protista Plantae Fungi
Animalia
Bacteria
Archaea
Eukarya
3 DOMAINS
6 KINGDOMS

19. 6 Kingdom System Plantae Animalia Archaebacteria Eubacteria Fungi True
Protista
Fungi
Plantae
Animalia
True
bacteria
Amoeba
Euglena
Giant kelp
Slime mold
Mushrooms
yeast
Green
plants
animals
Ancient bacteria
Live in harsh places

20. DOMAIN: ARCHAEA KINGDOM: ARCHAEBACTERIA
PROKARYOTES
UNICELLULAR
Have cell walls WITHOUT peptidoglycan
Can be AUTOTROPHS or HETEROTROPHS
EXAMPLES: HALOPHILES, CHEMOPHILES
LIVE IN EXTREME ENVIRONMENTS like volcanic hot springs, brine pools, low oxygen

21. DOMAIN: BACTERIA KINGDOM: EUBACTERIA
______________________
Have cell walls with _______________
Can be ___________ or ______________
EXAMPLES: _____________________
PROKARYOTES
UNICELLULAR
PEPTIDOGLYCAN
AUTOTROPHS HETEROTROPHS
E. coli, Streptococcus

22. DOMAIN: EUKARYA KINGDOM: PROTISTA
______________
__________________
Some have cell walls with________________
______________________
Can be _____________ or _______________
EXAMPLES: __________________________
EUKARYOTES
Most UNICELLULAR; some colonial/multi
CELLULOSE
Some have chloroplasts
AUTOTROPHS HETEROTROPHS
amoeba; paramecium; giant kelp; slime mold

23. DOMAIN: EUKARYA KINGDOM: FUNGI
____________
_________________________________
Have cell walls with __________
_______________
EXAMPLES: __________
EUKARYOTES
Most MULTICELLULAR; few UNICELLULAR
CHITIN
HETEROTROPHS- absorb nutrients from decaying organic matter
mushrooms, yeast

24. DOMAIN: EUKARYA KINGDOM: PLANTAE
_______________
Have cell walls with ____________ and _____________
_____________
EXAMPLES: ____________________
EUKARYOTES
MULTICELLULAR
CHLOROPLASTS
CELLULOSE
AUTOTROPHS
mosses, ferns, trees, flowering plants

25. DOMAIN: EUKARYA KINGDOM: ANIMALIA
_______________
_______________ or CHLOROPLASTS
__________________
EXAMPLES: _______________________
EUKARYOTES
MULTICELLULAR
NO CELL WALLS
HETEROTROPHS
worms, insects, fish, birds, mammals, humans

26. Classification of Living Things
Figure Key Characteristics of Kingdoms and Domains
DOMAIN
KINGDOM
CELL TYPE
CELL STRUCTURES
NUMBER OF CELLS
MODE OF NUTRITION
EXAMPLES
Bacteria
____________
Prokaryote
Cell walls with peptidoglycan
Unicellular
Autotroph or heterotroph
Streptococcus, Escherichia coli
Archaea
Archaebacteria
Cell walls without peptidoglycan
_____________
Methanogens, halophiles
Protista
Eukaryote
Cell walls of cellulose in some; some have chloroplasts
Most unicellular; some colonial; some multicellular
__________________________
Amoeba, Paramecium, slime molds, giant kelp
Fungi
______________________
Most multicellular; some unicellular
Heterotroph
Mushrooms, yeasts
Plantae
Cell walls of cellulose; chloroplasts
___________
Mosses, ferns, flowering plants
Animalia
No cell walls or chloroplasts
Sponges, worms, insects, fishes, mammals
Eukarya
Classification of Living Things
Eubacteria
Cell walls
of chitin
Unicellular
Multicellular
Multicellular
Autotroph or
Heterotroph
Autotroph
Heterotroph