1. the Mole

2. What is a mole?
A mole is the SI unit used to measure the amount of a substance
It is used to measure LARGE amounts of very small things – like atoms, molecules, formula units, etc.
Abbreviation = mol

3. known as Avogadro’s number
A mole is a number…
very similar to the idea of a dozen
1 dozen = 12
1 mole (mol) = x 1023 particles
can be….
atoms, formula units,
or molecules
known as Avogadro’s number
a mole is a unit song

5. Therefore 1 mol of C = 12.0 grams.
Carbon-12 was used as the standard to determine the number of particles that 1 mole represents.
Through experimentation, twelve grams of Carbon was found to equal to x 1023 atoms.
Therefore 1 mol of C = 12.0 grams.
molar eclipse

6. 1 mol = molar mass Molar mass
the mass of 1 mole of a substance in grams
Molar mass of an element (in grams) = 1 mole
Molar mass of compound (in grams) = 1 mole
1 mol = molar mass

7. How do you find the molar mass of an element or a compound?
for elements…..
atomic mass = the mass in grams of 1 mole
C mol =
Cl mol =
H mol =
N mol =
Na mol =

8. for compounds…..
Complete an atom inventory and multiply each by the atomic mass. Add all the masses together.
MgCl2 –
(35.45) = g/mol
1 mol = g
Ca(OH)2 -
(16) + 2(1.008) = g/
1 mol = g
C6H12O6 -
6(12.01) + 12(1.008) + 6(16) = g/mol
1 mol = g

9. Moles are the central unit in chemistry.
They allow us to change units between
Mass (g)
Number of particles (atoms/molecules/formula units/ions)
Volume (L) - gas at STP only

10. 160 g S Moles and Mass The conversion factor is 1 mol = Molar Mass
Convert 5.0 moles of Sulfur to grams
160 g S

11. To carry out a chemical reaction you need 3
To carry out a chemical reaction you need 3.20 moles of zinc nitrate Zn(NO3)2. What is the mass of 3.20 moles of Zn(NO3)2?
(14.01) + 6(16) = g/mol Zn(NO3)2
3.20 mol Zn(NO3)2 g
606 g Zn(NO3)2
1 mol

12. 1.2 x 1024 mc H2O Moles and Particles The conversion factor is
1 mol = x 1023 particles (molecules, atoms, etc)
Convert 2.0 moles H2O to molecules
1.2 x 1024 mc H2O

13. 96 L O2 Moles and Liters of gas
The conversion factor is 1 mol = 22.4 L
It only applies to Gas at STP (standard temperature and pressure) which is 0 degrees C and 1 atm
Convert 4.3 mol of O2 gas at STP to liters
96 L O2

14. A piece of marble contains 8
A piece of marble contains 8.74 x 1023 formula units of calcium carbonate. How many moles of CaCO3 is that?
8.74x1023 fo un CaCO3
1 mol
1.45 mol CaCO3
6.022x1023 fo un

15. Using the mole to convert between grams, liters and particles
(of Gas at STP)
Mole Hall Analogy
1 mole = 22.4 L
To get to volume, mass, or particles, you have to pass through the mole! M O L E S
Mass
Molecules
1 mole = molar mass
1 mole = x 1023 particles

16. You need 250 grams of table sugar, or sucrose (C12H22O11), to bake a cake. How many sucrose molecules will be in the cake?
250 g C12H22O11
1 mol
6.022x1023 mc
342.3 g
1 mol
4.4 x 1023 molecules C12H22O11

17. If you burned 4.00 x 1023 molecules of natural gas, or methane (CH4) during a laboratory experiment, what mass of methane did you burn?
4.00 x 1023 mc CH4
1 mol g
6.022x1023 mc
1 mol
10.7 g CH4