1. Socialization

2. What is Socialization?
The cultural process of learning to participate in group life
Takes place through cultural transmission
Begins at birth & continues for life
Success = fitting in to all kinds of social groups

3. Functionalism on Socialization
Stresses the ways in which groups work together to create a stable society
Example: School & Families
Teach same norms, beliefs, and values

4. Conflict Theory on Socialization
Views socialization as a way to perpetuate the status quo
People learn to accept their social status
Maintains social, political, and economic advantages

5. Symbolic Interaction & Socialization
Self-concept: your image of yourself as having a separate identity from others
Significant others: people whose judgments are most important to our self-concepts

6. Case Study: Genie

7. What is the “self?” Composed of two parts: me & I
Me: the part of the self created through socialization
I: spontaneous, unpredictable, and creative part of the self
Constantly interacting with each other

8. Role Taking
Allows us to see ourselves through the eyes of someone else
Three Stage Process:
Imitation stage
Play stage
Game stage

9. Looking-Glass Self
Looking-glass self: self-concept based on our idea of others’ judgments of us
Imagine how we appear to others
Imagine the reaction of others to our appearance
Evaluate ourselves according to how we imagine others have judged us
Comes from our imagination

10. Agents of Socialization
Family
School
Peers
Media

11. Family First exposure to the world Social class Think/speak
Internalize norms, beliefs, & values
Form some basic attitudes
Capacity for intimate relationships
Acquire self-image
Social class

12. School Hidden Curriculum Time Rules/Regulations
Isolated from adult world

13. Peers Opportunity to engage with equals Promotes independence
Develop close ties outside of family
Peers more important to socialization – Agree?

14. Media Mass media Display role models for you guys
Offers ideas and values about society
Social Media

15. Desocialization
Total institutions – mental hospitals, cults, & prisons
Not free to manage own lives
Manipulated & controlled
Desocialization – people give up old norms, values, attitudes, and behaviors
Any examples?

16. Resocialization
Process by which people adopt new norms, values, & behaviors
System of rewards & punishments
Attempt to give new self-concepts
Nonconformity
Anticipatory socialization – preparing for new norms, values, & behaviors