1. Agenda 11/30- Photosynthesis
Bellwork- discuss homework
Cellular Respiration Cartoon
New Information: Photosynthesis and Plant Cell Specialization
HW- photosynthesis starts with …

2. Some types of bacteria are able to perform photosynthesis
Some types of bacteria are able to perform photosynthesis. These bacteria must therefore contain which of the following in their membranes?
A. chlorophyll
B. glucose
C. mitochondria
D. ribosomes
What is the primary role of photosynthesis in the carbon cycle?
A. releasing carbon to the oceans
B. removing carbon from the atmosphere
C. transferring carbon from the soil to organisms
D. transferring carbon from producers to decomposers

3. Agenda 12/01/15- Photosynthesis
Bellwork
New Information- Photosynthesis
Activity- Photosynthesis starts with …
Review for test tomorrow

4. Photosynthesis Video As you watch, consider the following:
Where does the energy that drives photosynthesis come from?
What molecules are formed during photosynthesis?
What 2 molecules carry energy that is eventually stored in glucose?
What kinds of organisms contain chloroplasts?

5. THE BASICS OF PHOTOSYNTHESIS
Most plants are photosynthetic autotrophs, as are some bacteria and protists
Autotrophs: make their own food through photosynthesis
Sunlight energy is transformed into chemical energy stored in chemical bonds
(c) Euglena
(b) Kelp
(d) Cyanobacteria
(a) Mosses, ferns, and
flowering plants 5

6. Light Energy Harvested by Photosynthetic Autotrophs
6 CO2 + 6 H2O + light energy → C6H12O6 + 6 O2 6

7. Food Chain 7

8. The location and structure of chloroplasts
LEAF CROSS SECTION
MESOPHYLL CELL
LEAF
Mesophyll
CHLOROPLAST
Intermembrane space
Outer
membrane
Granum
Inner membrane
Grana
Stroma
Thylakoid compartment
Stroma
Thylakoid 8

9. Chloroplasts Intermembrane space Outer membrane Thylakoid
Inner membrane
Granum
Stroma

10. A Chloroplast Light Energy Grana (stacks of thylakoids) Chemical
H2O O2
Sugars
CO2
Chloroplast
NADP+
ADP
Light-
Dependent
Reactions
Calvin
Cycle
Grana
(stacks of
thylakoids)
ATP
NADPH
Chemical
Energy

11. 2 Pathways of Photosynthesis
Light-dependent reactions
Light energy absorbed
Occurs across thylakoid membranes
Produces ATP and NADPH (and O2)
Light-independent reactions or Calvin Cycle
Does not require light energy
Occurs in the stroma
Produces glucose using CO2

12. ATP
ATP - Adenosine Triphosphate
Adenine
Ribose
3 Phosphate groups

13. Formation of ATP ATP stores enough energy for many cellular functions.
ADP
ATP
Adenosine triphosphate (ATP)
Energy
Adenosine diphosphate (ADP) + Phosphate
Partially
charged
battery
Fully
charged
battery
ATP stores enough energy for many cellular functions.

14. H2O CO2 C6H12O6 O2 Sunlight Energy NADP+ ADP ATP NADPH Light
Independent
Reactions in
the Stroma
Light Dependent
Reactions in the
Thylakoids
ATP
NADPH
C6H12O6 O2

15. Light Dependent Reactions
Pigments arranged into photosystems
Photosystem I (happens 2nd)
Photosystem II (happens 1st)
Inputs:
H2O
Light Energy
ADP, NADP+
Products:
ATP, NADPH (go on to fuel the Calvin Cycle) O2

16. Light Dependent Reactions
Electron transport chain
Produces energy for ATP production
ATP Synthase (enzyme)
binds ADP and a phosphate group into ATP

17. H2O CO2 C6H12O6 O2 Sunlight Energy NADP+ ADP ATP NADPH Stroma
Thylakoids
ATP
NADPH
C6H12O6 O2

18. Light-Independent Reactions, aka Calvin Cycle
occurs in stroma
uses ATP and NADPH from the light-dependent reactions and CO2 to make glucose (C6H12O6)

19. The Calvin Cycle Inputs: ATP NADPH CO2 Products: C6H12O6 ADP NADP+
CO2 Enters the Cycle
Energy Input
Inputs:
ATP
NADPH
CO2
Products:
C6H12O6
ADP
NADP+
5-Carbon
Molecules
Regenerated
Sugars and other compounds
6-Carbon Sugar
Produced

20. H2O CO2 C6H12O6 O2 Sunlight Energy NADP+ ADP ATP NADPH Stroma
Thylakoids
ATP
NADPH
C6H12O6 O2 20

21. Why Are Plants Green? Electromagnetic Spectrum and Visible Light
Gamma rays
Infrared & Microwaves
X-rays UV
Radio waves
Visible light
Wavelength (nm)

22. WHY ARE PLANTS GREEN?
Different wavelengths of visible light are seen by the human eye as different colors.
Gamma rays
Micro- waves
Radio
waves
X-rays UV
Infrared
Visible light
Wavelength (nm)

23. Properties of Light Plant pigments absorb light energy. be reflected
when a photon (unit of light) strikes a substance, it may
be reflected
be absorbed
be transmitted
Plant pigments absorb light energy.
This fuels the production of ATP, NADPH

24. Why are plants green?
Reflected light
Because they reflect green light

25. The color of light seen is the color REFLECTED, NOT ABSORBED
Chloroplasts have pigments that absorb light energy and convert it to chemical energy
What colors of light does chlorophyll absorb? Reflect?
Reflected
light
Light
Absorbed
light
Transmitted
light
Chloroplast

26. Why do plants have pigments other than chlorophyll?
Green to Greenish-yellow
Yellow/Orange/Red

27. Different pigments absorb light differently
Green to Greenish-yellow
Yellow/Orange/Red

28. Chloroplast Pigments
Thylakoids in chloroplasts contain several pigments
Chlorophyll a (bright green)
Chlorophyll b (yellow-green)
Carotenoids (yellow/orange)
Xanthophylls (yellow)
Anthocyanins (red)
Figure 7.7

29. Why do plants have pigments other than chlorophyll?
To absorb more energy
from wavelengths (colors) of light that chlorophyll does not absorb.
This allows them to make more food!

30. Concept Map Photosynthesis Light- dependent reactions Calvin cycle
Section 8-3
Photosynthesis
includes
Light-
dependent
reactions
Calvin cycle
takes place in
uses
use
take place in
Energy from
sunlight
Thylakoid
membranes
Stroma
ATP
NADPH
to produce of
to produce
High-energy
sugars
ATP
NADPH O2
Chloroplasts
Go to Section:

31. Endosymbiotic Theory (Lynn Margulis, 1981)
Mitochondria and chloroplasts may have originated as free-living prokaryotes that lived symbiotically within cells, leading to eukaryotes.
Evidence:
Circular DNA
Reproduction
Two or more cell membranes
Ribosomes
animation

32. Compare/Contrast Photosynthesis Cellular Respiration
Energy Storing or Releasing
Energy storing
Energy releasing
Products
Glucose, oxygen gas
Carbon dioxide, water, energy (ATP)
Reactants
Carbon dioxide, water, light energy
Location
Chloroplast
Mitochondrion