1. PHOTOSYNTHESIS

2. Adenosine Triphosphate (ATP)
Principle energy-storing compound in cells
Made up of an adenosine compound with 3 phosphate groups attached
When the bond that holds the last phosphate group is broken the energy is released
The new compound is now called adenosine diphosphate (ADP)

3. Autotrophs Organisms that make their own food
Also known as producers because they produce food for other organisms
Ex: plants, bacteria

4. Heterotrophs Organisms that cannot make their own food
Also known as consumers because they consume autotrophs and other heterotrophs
Ex: humans, fungi

5. Pigments
Molecules that absorb certain wavelengths of light while reflecting others
Chlorophyll: a pigment in plants that absorbs red, blue, and violet light while reflecting green light

6. Chloroplast Structures in plant cells that contain chlorophyll
Photosynthesis occurs in these structures
Made up of 3 parts:
Thylakoid: series of membranes that contain the photosystems
Grana: stacks of thylakoids
Stroma: gel-like material between the grana

7. Photosynthesis (photo=“light” synthesis=“to make”)
The process by which autotrophs convert sunlight into energy in the form of glucose
The photosynthetic reaction is:
sunlight
6H2O CO C6H12O O2

8. Photosystems
The reactions of the photosystems are called the light-dependent reactions because they require sunlight; they take place in the thylakoid
Photosystem II: Uses the light energy from the sun to break water apart into hydrogen, oxygen and electrons; the electrons enter an electron transport chain

9. Photosystems (cont.)
Photosystem I: picks up the electrons from the electron transport chain and uses them and the hydrogen to make ATP and NADPH (an energy carrier)

10. Calvin Cycle
A set of reactions that uses the energy in ATP and NADPH (made in the photosystems) to convert carbon dioxide into glucose
These reactions are called the light-independent reactions because they do not require sunlight; they take place in the stroma

12. Rate of Photosynthesis
Rate is affected by:
1. Sunlight
2. Temperature
3. Carbon Dioxide
As all of these increase,
so does the rate of photosynthesis. They are directly proportional.

13. Glucose
The glucose made during photosynthesis is used by the plant to provide energy for cellular functions
Excess glucose is linked together to form starch which can then be stored by the plant