1. “The secret of happiness is freedom. The secret of freedom is courage

2. The Civil Rights Movement
Goal 11.02

3. What is it??!?
Definition: The Concerted effort by African Americans to achieve justice and equality during the 1950’s and 1960’s

4. -First African American Supreme Court Justice
In the Court Room
Plessy vs Ferguson
Court case that determined that separate-but-equal is constitutionally correct!
Brown vs BOE
Court case that overturned Plessy vs Ferguson
The effect?
- Though the decision applied to schools, it implied that racial segregation was illegal in public facilities.
Thurgood Marshall
-First African American Supreme Court Justice

5. On the bus….
December Rosa Parks refused to give up her seat to a white man.
The Civil Rights leaders got together and enacted “The Montgomery Bus Boycott”
Lasted 381 days
Included 50,000 African Americans looking for alternative transportation
Rode bicycles
Joined car pools
Walked
The Supreme court decided that segregation on the city buses was unconstitutional.

6. School Continue…
After the Brown vs Board of Education decision many schools still would not allow blacks in their facility
In African American attempted to enroll at Central High School in Little Rock, Arkansas.
 The governor (Orval Faubus) ordered the National Guard to not admit the students into the building.
 President Eisenhower responded with federal troops to enforce desegregation.

7. Young People Take Action
The youth took an active role in civil rights by participating in Sit-ins at segregated lunch counters and restaurants.
They were often arrested, charged with disorderly conduct and imprisoned.
The SNCC (Student Nonviolent Coordinating Committee) used these sit-ins as a tool to achieve integration.
It was highly effective

8. He Had Dream Martin Luther King, Jr. believed in nonviolent resistance
In 1963, King led peaceful demonstrations to protest segregation in Birmingham, Alabama.
They were attacked with dogs and fire hoses after which they were jailed.
Following a large protest King wrote his “Letter from Birmingham Jail”
A summation of his philosophy and the urgent need for racial justice
The March on Washington- peaceful civil rights demonstration tool place in August. 250,000 people were in attendance BLACKS AND WHITES
The famous “I have a Dream” Speech was delivered

9. King’s Accomplishments
King did much in his short life
Founded the Southern Christian Leadership Conference (SCLC)
Organized boycotts and sit-ins
Awarded the Nobel Peace Prize
He was Assassinated April 4, 1968

10. Malcolm X Had a contrasting view than MLK
Leader of the Black Power Movement
Practiced the Islamic faith- Gave him a better outlook on the races
Believed “By any means necessary”
Felt blacks could solve their own problematic situations
He was assassinated February 21, 1965

11. President Kennedy
From the White House tried to enact legislations to aid in the fight for equality
Enacted early political practices such as voting for final passage of the Civil Rights Act of 1957
Was assassinated November 22, 1963

12. Legislations
Civil Rights Act of Outlawed racial discrimination in public facilities and in employment
24th Amendment- abolished poll-tax requirements
Voting Rights Act of abolished literacy test and authorized a system of federal examiners to register black voters.
The percentage of voters tripled in the South