1. Recent Examples IV – East-West Migration Within Europe
The Current Debate, Problems and Measures
Boryana Chervilova

2. The Debate 1 May 2004 – the Controversial EU Enlargement
- Fears and Scepticism
+ Enriching Opportunity €

3. Fears of the Host Countries
„Welfare Tourism“
Reduced Wages
Displacement Effects
Damage to the Welfare System
Restrictions: Transitional Agreements

4. The 4 Different EU-15 Regimes
1) Be, Lux, Fin, De, Fr, Gre,Sp – no more rights of movement than to the non-EEA nationals (reunions)
2) Au, Den, It, Por, the Netherlands – quotas.
3) UK, Ireland – unrestricted access, restricted social benefits.
4) Sweden – EU community rules apply.

5. Alternative Viewpoint
Analysts: Restrictions=domestic political concerns of slowing economies, unemployment and anti-immigration sentiments.
Lack of language skills and propensity to move
Case of Greece´81, Sp.&Por ´86
Declined wages counteracted by “ labor => new investments”

6. Alternative Viewpoint continued
Displacement – only if jobs are a fixed number
Higher incomes not enough to be a push factor of migration, but also availability of jobs
Imposition of labor restrictions against the EU spirit

7. I Problems of New Member States
The Czech Case:
Unemployment (Northern Moravia)
Lack of investment; the “poorer neighbour complex” (border with
Germany)
Brain drain and
youth-drain
(educational migration)

8. Problems II Quality of Immigration Coverage (QIC)
Quality of Statistical Data
Quality of Immigration Coverage (QIC)
Quality of Emmigration Coverage (QEC)

9. Measures I Schengen Aquis to avoid turbullences in the labor market
FDI
Structural Development Funds
Improve economic climate
Realize benefits of larger markets, possibilities for outsourcing, and cheaper labour
Countries develop faster &attract
citizens back home

10. Sources: UNESCO, the CIA, the New Economics Foundation, the World Health Organisation, the Veenhoven Database, the Latinbarometer, the Afrobarometer and the UNHDR.

11. Measures II Standardize migration definitions
Okólski (2004): 7 types of flows
UN definitions
Develop stronger European legislation for statistics supplied to Eurostat
Currently – non-binding UN recommendations

12. Thank You For Your Attention!