Presentation is loading. Please wait.

Presentation is loading. Please wait.

The Algae Lecture 2.

Similar presentations


Presentation on theme: "The Algae Lecture 2."— Presentation transcript:

1 The Algae Lecture 2

2 Algae.. The course will also cover algae
Term algae is used to collectively refer to a wide range of simple oxygen-evolving photosynthetic organisms Algae is not a taxonomic group but used informally Include some prokaryotic and eukaryotic forms important in plant evolution

3 Main features of algae Photosynthesis occurs in thallus (body)
Body is not specialized into root, stem & leaves Photosynthesis occurs in thallus (body) Attachment by rhizoids No embryo formation Gametes fuse in open waters Zygote develops into new plant- no embryos stage Reproductive structures not protected Gametes produced within a single cell, not well protected by sterile envelope as in plants

4 Where found? Mostly aquatic (watery environments) Marine Freshwater
Floating- planktonic (have floating structures) Attached to objects- benthic Terrestrial (wet soils) Have mechanisms to survive drying

5 Morphological diversity
Different body types Some unicells- single cells with/ without flagella Some filamentous- cells forming chains Some colonial- several cells attached together Coenobia- fixed number of cells in a colony Siphonaceous- tubular structures not divided into cells; have many nuclei (coenocytic) Parenchymatous- body made up of cells like higher plants; large (macro) algae

6 Reproductive diversity
Both sexual and asexual reproductive Asexual Fragmentation- breaking away Spore formation- dispersal structure Sexual- fusion of gametes Isogamy- fusion of equal size motile gametes Anisogamy- gametes unequal, motile Oogamy- small motile, male gamete fuse with large stationary gamete

7 Algal groups 1) Blue-green algae (cyanophyta or cyanobacteria)
Oldest group Earliest Oxygen producing, photosynthetic plants Prokaryotic as in bacteria- no organelles No chloroplasts Chlorophyll a and other blue (phycocyanin) pigments hence the name blue-green algae Cell wall similar to bacteria- murein wall Asexual reproduction by mitosis, fragmentation No sexual reproduction known

8 Blue-greens… Unicells or colonies
Filamentous- cells in filaments surrounded by a sheath Cells in filament may be differentiated into vegetative cells, akinetes (spore) and heterocysts ( nitrogen fixing cell) eg Anabaena, Nostoc Many are important in nitrogen fixation like some bacteria

9 Blue-green algae… Many blue greens form blooms that are harmful
May kill livestock, fish and humans They are important in the evolution of living organisms Also in endosymbiont theory and the origin of chloroplasts and eukaryotic cell

10 2) Green algae- Chlorophyta
Largest, most common and diverse group especially in freshwaters Found everywhere in Botswana Unicels, filamentous, colonial & parenchymatous Chlorophyll a &b and carotenoids Cell wall mainly cellulose Stored food product is starch Chlorophylls, cellulose and starch also found in plants Show asexual and sexual reproduction Life cycles show alternation of generations

11 3) Other algal groups of importance
a) Diatoms Silica cell wall (sand cell wall) Form a glasshouse shell b) Euglenoids Unicelluar with flagellar Soft cell covering, euglenoid movement c)Brown algae- have chl a & c and brown pigments d)Red algae- chl a and d and red pigments Brown and red algae mostly marine known as macroalgae or ‘seaweeds’ , produce very useful cpds

12 Economic importance of algae
Primary producers- contribute 50-60% of primary production on earth especially in aquatic environments (feed fish etc) Some are nitrogen fixers May grow in large numbers in nutrient –rich waters causing algal blooms or water blooms or ‘red tides’ Some of these are poisonous to humans and aquatic organisms Some used as food or fertilizers

13 Algae: Economic importance
Useful cps are extracted from cells walls of algae used as thickening agents in foods, cosmetics, media ice creams, lotions, creams, microbiological media Remains of dead algae (diatoms) form diatomaceous earth with many uses: water filters, beer filtration, reflective road signs, abrasives in tooth pastes, cleaning and polishing materials.


Download ppt "The Algae Lecture 2."

Similar presentations


Ads by Google