1. Chapter 16
Animal Behavior

2. Section 1- Animal Behavior
Types of Behavior
Behavior
a way an organism interacts with other organisms and its environment.
Communication
An exchange of information
Stimulus
anything in the environment that causes a reaction
Innate Behavior
A behavior that an organism is born with

3. Reflex- An automatic response that does not involve the brain
Ex. Yawning, shivering, and sneezing
A draft of cold air makes you shiver.
Reflex – simplest type of innate behavior
Innate Behavior
Insects exhibit this behavior
Kittiwake chicks stand still as soon as they hatch
When a baby whale is born, its mother immediately pushes it to the surface for its first breath
Innate behaviors must be right the first time an animal responds to a stimulus or they might die.

4. Instinct – A complex pattern of innate behavior
Baby sea turtles head straight for the water as soon as they hatch
Learned Behavior- 4 types:
1) Imprinting
2) Trial & Error
3) Conditioning
4) Insight

5. Learning-A behavior that develops through experience
Ex. A child learns to play the piano. ( learned behavior)
Ex. Your dog is waiting for you as you are getting off the bus from school.
Imprinting-
Ex. When ducklings follow the mother duck
Ex. KonradLorenza was working with geese
Gosling (baby goose) will follow the first moving thing it sees after hatching.

6. Trial and Error-behavior that is modified by experience
Insight – when past experiences are used to solve problems
Conditioning – behavior is modified to respond to other stimuli
Ivan P. Pavlov
Scientists famous for his conditioning experiments.
He used food and a bell

7. Section 2- Behavioral Interactions
Instinctive Behavior patterns
Inherited
Social Behavior
Interactions among members of the same species
Live in groups (protection)
Types of social behavior
Courtship and Mating
Caring for young
Territorial
Protection of the group
Getting food

8. Courtship Behavior- Behavior animals perform before mating
Ex. Fireflies lighting up / frogs croaking/birds singing
Societies
Members of species living and working together in an organized way

9. Territorial Behavior Aggression Submission Territory
A forceful act to dominate or control
Ex. Dog w/a bone growls at another dog
Submission
postures that make an animal seem smaller. When a puppy rolls over on its back.
Territory
An area that an animal defends from other members of its same species

10. Communication Communication is an exchange of information Courtship-
Some examples of communication
Courtship
Aggression
Pheromones
Submission
Courtship-
Behavior that animals perform to attract a mate.
Behavior that animals perform before mating.
Ex. A male peacock raises and displays his tail feathers while performing a courtship dance

11. Pheromones Chemicals released by an animal
Chemical released by one animal to influence the behavior of another animal
Ex. released by both sexes to attract mates
Ex. Released to mark territories (dog urinating)
Ex. Released to mark a trail (ants)
Ex. Released to warn of predators

12. Cyclic Behavior Circadian Rhythm – Behavior based on a 24 hour cycle
Migration – Instinctive seasonal movement