1. Faculty Development Programme
QUALITY IMPROVEMENT IN HIGHER EDUCATION
(November 12 – 17, 2018)
Reforms in School education in Rajasthan
(Outcome: All India Rank from 26 to 3 in )
IITM, Janakpuri, NEW DELHI –
Dr Shyam Sundar Agarwal, Director, IITM.

2. State Profile All data pertain to year 2011 Rajasthan India Area
3,42,239 sq. km.
32,87,263 sq. km.
Population
6.86 cr.
cr.
Population Density
200 Persons per sq. km.
382 Persons per sq. km.
Sex Ratio
928
943
Literacy Rate (Total)
67.1
73.0
Literacy Rate (Male)
80.5
80.9
Literacy Rate (Female)
52.7
64. 6
All data pertain to year 2011

3. School Education

4. School Education: Present Structure
Teachers ( )
Students
Schools ( )
Sanctioned
Working
Govt.
( )
Pvt.
Unit
In No.
In Lakh
Primary
47,389
2.64*
2.38
48.66
38.03
Upper Primary
23,125
20.66
18.31
Secondary
9,309
1.40
0.91
10.89
12.10
Sr. Secondary
4,838
5.33
8.15
Total
84,661
4.04
3.29
85.54
76.59
* Single Teacher schools 7,216. (10.23%)
* No. of schools per 10 sq Km. PS & UPS (All India 3.62 & 1.76)

5. Best Performing States
Access to schooling
Indicators
India
Rajasthan
Best Performing States
Retention Rate (Class I-V)
80.07
66.78
95.01 (HP)
93.29 (Gujarat)
Transition Rate (PS to UPS)
86.74
90.08
99.01 (Gujarat)
90.33 (Punjab)
Transition Rate (UPS to Sec.)
92.67
90.11
99.44 (Maharashtra)
95.21 (AP)
Transition Rate (Sec. to Sr. Sec.)
58.34
48.94
90.87 (UP)
81.02 (HP)
High drop out rate at primary level – 33.22%.
Out of 100 students enrolled in class I, only 54 reach Sec. and 27 reach in Sr. Sec. level.
Very low transition rate from Sec. to Sr. Sec. implies poor access to facilities.
Source- Flash Statistics , NUEPA

6. Best Performing States
Access to schooling
Indicators
India
Rajasthan
Best Performing States
Gross Enrolment Ratio (PS)
105.98
106.36
(MP)
(Jharkhand)
Gross Enrolment Ratio (UPS)
82.50
79.33
97.13(Kerala)
Net Enrolment Ratio (6-10 yrs.)
90.78
81.50
96.67 (UP)
93.19 (WB)
Net Enrolment Ratio (11-14 yrs.)
64.24
56.64
80.08 (Kerala)
75.88 (TN)
Large no. of children not enrolled in class appropriate for their age-
- 25% in class I –V
- 23% in Class VI- VIII,
resulting in higher drop-out rate for Sr. Sec. level.

7. No. of schools per village Students per Class (Govt.)
School Education: Institutional availability (Rural Area)
Schools
Enrol ment (Govt.)
Total Enrolment
No. of schools per village
Students per Class (Govt.)
Govt..
Pvt.
Total
Section
(No.)
(lakh)
Primary (1-5)
68,278
13,695
81,973
45.01
83.94
2.06 13
Upper Primary
(6-8)
32,839
18,050
50,889
20.39
38.96
1.28 21
Secondary (9-10)
12,583
8,405
20,988
9.71
16.62
0.53 38
Sr. Sec. (11-12)
3,497
3,415
6,912
3.68
7.53
0.17 52
No of villages: ; Gram Panchayats: (Ratio: 4.33)

8. Prognosis Integrated schools (1 to 12)
Consolidation / Merger of Schools
Inadequate availability of Sr. Sec. schools. At least one Sr. Sec. School in each Gram Panchayat (In Kerala this ratio is 2.5, compared to 0.3 in Rajasthan at present)
About 6000 Sec. schools need to be upgraded to Sr. Sec. level.
Adequate availability of elementary schools: 2 PS per village and UPS per village.
New PS and UPS are not required. Rather, we must ensure quality teaching.

9. Quality Indicators (Elementary Education)
National Achievement Survey ( NAS)
National average score
Highest performing State/ score
Lowest performing State/score
Rajasthan score (Rank)
Average score in language
257
Tripura (281)
Chhattisgarh (226)
238 (29)
Average score in Mathematics
252
Daman & Diu (279)
Chhattisgarh (222)
236 (31)
source: NCERT's NAS (Cycle 3), 2014: Data for class 3

10. Quality Indicators (Elementary Education)
ASER 2013 Report (Rank)
Learning level
standard 3 – 5
standard 6 – 8
% children who can read / do
Std. 1 level text
Subtraction
Std. 2 level text
Division
India
54.8
39.7
65.7
38.9
Rajasthan
52.8 (20)
37.4 (20)
70.1 (14)
42.6 (13) AP
68.3 (10)
57.6 (8)
72.3 (12)
51.9 (9)
Kerala
77.8 (5)
60.6 (7)
87.9 (1)
56.0 (7) TN
50.2 (22)
39.2 (18)
56.9 (23)
30.9 (20)
Karnataka
56.6 (16)
45.0 (13)
63.1 (19)
37.4 (15)
Mizoram
80.2 (1)
77.8 (1)
82.5 (4)
72.3 (1)
source: ASER 2013 (2014) (For classes I - VIII)
Northern states of MP and UP fare worse than Rajasthan

11. .
Quality Indicators (Secondary / Sr. Secondary): Board Result (RBSE )
India
Rajasthan
Boys
Girls
Total
Secondary
79.32
79.88
79.58
67.28
64.72
66.24
Sr. Secondary
72.46
77.93
74.98
79.55
87.65
82.54
Source: Flash Statistics , NUEPA
Students appearing in recent advanced IIT admission test
CBSE : 41.99%
AP : 13.47%
Maharashtra : 7.62%
Gujarat : 6%
[Source: Hindustan Times ( )]

12. Changes proposed
Examination reform : Introduction of optional 8th Board – more than 1.83 lac plus students appearing in 2014.
Internal examination reforms – Class 1 to 8
One Model School (English Medium) at each block head quarter.
Introduction of English medium teaching in schools at block HQ and above.
Scholar examination after class 3,5,7,9 and 11.
Strengthening of supervisory functionaries’ network.
Evaluation of teachers, correlating to students’ performance
Incentive structure in tandem with performance like transfer policy, APAR entries for teachers, scholarships to students etc.
Ensuring teachers’ accountability with online monitoring to ensure less absenteeism.

13. Best Performing States
Girls Education
Indicators
India
Rajasthan
Best Performing States
Gender Parity Index (PS)
0.94
0.88
0.99 (Bihar)
0.99 (Assam)
Gender Parity Index (UPS)
0.95
0.81
0.99(M.P.)
0.95(Kerala)
Gender Parity Index (Sec.)
0.89
0.70
1.11(WB)
1.09(Assam)
Gender Parity Index (Sr. Sec.)
0.87
0.63
1.15(TN)
1.09(Kerala)
School visits indicate parents’ preference to send girls to Govt. schools located in close proximity only.
In private schools, boys to girls ratio is 65:35, implying better quality of education and priority given to these schools for boys.
Spread of Govt. Sr. Sec. schools must increase for improved access to girls.

14. Way forward
Education voucher for girls for private schooling, if no Govt. school exists.
Mobility support to girls – Transport Voucher / Cycle distribution
50% reservation for girls in RtE admissions
Girls hostels in all educationally backward blocks for Secondary classes
Incentive schemes / special scholarship for meritorious girls.

15. Availability of Teachers- Secondary Education
Sr. Secondary
Secondary
Required
Existing
Vacancy
Principal / HM
4,455
2,705
1,750
9,442
7,607
1,835
Math
737
236
501
14,111
9,899
4,212
Science
3,447
1,795
1,652
13,570
10,505
3,065
English
4,452
2,015
2,437
13,213
9,722
3,491
Others
23,537
10,512
13,025
26,722
18,424
8,298
Subject Teacher (Total)
32,173
14,558
17,615
67,616
48,550
19,066
Acute shortage of subject teachers in Sec. / Sr. Sec. Schools
Skewed distribution of teachers.

16. Elementary Schools (Less Enrolment)
Teacher
142
251
1-15
8,164
14,655 PS
5,153
8,362
UPS
3,011
6,293
16-30
19,707
42,150
13,778
24,284
5,929
17,866
Total
28,013
57,056
Non availability of critical mass at elementary level.
Rationalization of teachers / schools within RtE norms.
Recruitment of teachers of appropriate level

17. Expenditure per Student per Annum
Year
Elementary Education
Secondary Education
Exp. (Cr.)
No of students (lac)
Exp. per Student
5,850.06
59.04
9,908
22.32
15,391
6,689.97
59.48
11,247
24.95
15,782
7,427.36
56.86
13,058
25.38
17,721
Very high per child expenditure in Govt. schools as compared to fees of private schools in rural areas (80% private schools in rural areas have fee less than Rs. 500 per month per student.)
Good performing private schools may be considered as alternate to Govt. schools - Education Voucher Scheme.

18. Infrastructure GAP as per RTE (Elementary Education)
S.N.
Activity
Gap
Under Execution ( )
Remaining Gap
Requirement of Fund (in Cr.) 1
Primary School Building
1,313
(1.87%)
940
(SSA)
373
(0.56%)
82.06 2
Additional Class Room
3,768
(5.60%)
2,609
1,159
(1.75%)
49.26 3
Boundary wall
13,897 (21.20%) -
625.36 4
Kitchen Shed
8,949
(15.10%)
(PR & RD)
Nil 5
Toilet
1,364
(2.05%)
(SSA & NBA) 6
Drinking Water
2,308
(3.45%)
(SSA & PHED)
Total
31,599
16,170
15,429
756.68
Huge funds are required for construction of boundary Wall.

19. Infrastructure GAP (Secondary Education)
S.N.
Activity
Gap
Under Execution
( )
Remaining Gap
Requirement of Fund (in Cr.) 1
Additional Class Rooms
9,075
3,502
5,573
478.16 2
Integrated Science Lab
12,356
3,034
9,322
903.30 3
Computer Room
9,571
2,636
6,935
529.83 4
Art and Craft Rooms
12,012
3,374
8,638
645.25 5
Library Rooms
9,818
1,660
8,158
805.19 6
Toilet
1,190
1,164 26
1.63 7
Water Block
289
144
145
1.66
Total
54,311
15,514
38,797

20. Proposed action Gaps in elementary being addressed through SSA .
For Secondary schools, State may supplement RMSA, GoI-funding.
Convergence from PR & RD for boundary walls in Elementary Schools.
State may supplement maintenance grant in SSA.
Funding from PR dept. for maintenance of toilets.

21. Teachers’ Training
Strengthening of DIETs ; Augmentation of BSTC intake capacity in phased manner.
Teacher training on new text books, English medium teaching.
Subject training in Science, Mathematics and English.
Induction training for new teachers and HMs.
Training of HM on leadership development / capacity building like Piramal Foundation courses.
Training on ICT for better educational outcomes.

22. Progress upto
More than 16,000 schools were amalgamated / coordinated in and another 5,000+ thereafter.
About 6, 000 schools were upgraded to Sr Sec level, with 1 per Gram panchayat.
Policy for such unification was based on:
- Only in a Revenue village,
- With the highest ranking school, preferably in a Senior Secondary School. (1 for classes 1-12)
Result: Enrolment of students in Govt. Schools went up from 60+ lakhs to 85+ lakhs (+40%).
Rajasthan now ranks 3rd in india. (Earlier 26th) amongst states.

23. Thank you