1. The Coming of War
Chapter 14

2. Communism In theory: No private property
All people have social & economic equality
Government administers all businesses for the good of the people
All workers of the world will eventually unite under communism
In the Soviet Union:
Inefficiency in production
Party leaders have more power and much better standard of living
Most people have low standard of living

3. Fascism Free market capitalism (mostly) Strong charismatic leadership
Strongly militaristic
Strongly nationalistic
Generally strongly religious
Emphasis on “family values” & traditional gender roles
The “good of the state” = personal sacrifice for the greater good
Communism is evil & must be destroyed
Sometimes an element of racism

4. The Political Spectrum
Radical
Liberal
Moderate
Conservative
(Reactionary)
Includes Communism & Socialism
Democratic Party
Includes most people
Republican Party
Fascism

5. Totalitarianism Leadership by one dictator or small group
Government control of many aspects of people’s lives
Usually a secret police
Very little personal or political freedom for the individual

6. Soviet Union - Communism
Joseph Stalin
“Man of Steel”
“Cult of Personality”
Purges of … well, lots of people
An estimated 30 million in the 1930s
The Gulag
Pushed for frantic and radical agricultural and industrial growth

7. “Under the leadership of Great Stalin – Forward to Communism!”

8. Italy - Fascism Benito Mussolini Fascist Party (1919) “Blackshirts”
“Even the trains ran on time”
Supported by the Catholic Church
Supported by the monarchy in Italy
Promoted extreme nationalism and militarism

9. Germany - Fascism Adolf Hitler “cult of personality” Der Führer
National Socialist German Workers’ Party (Nazi)
Promoted German ethnic solidarity
Elements of racism
Emphasized need for Lebensraum – “living space”
Ended depression in Germany

12. American Neutrality Neutrality Act 1939 – “Cash and Carry” provision
Any nation could purchase goods and arms from U.S. as long as they paid cash and carried on their own ships
Who benefited from this?
Why?

13. American Neutrality
Lend-Lease Act 1941 – Roosevelt could sell, transfer, exchange, lend, lease any defense article to any government as long as he thought it was necessary in the interest of the defense of the United States
U.S. sent over $40 billion in lend-lease aid to Allies by 1945
It was considered an Economic declaration of war against the Axis Powers

14. American Neutrality
Atlantic Charter (August 1941) – Roosevelt and Churchill endorsed national self- determination and international system of general security
Identified a deepening alliance between the U.S. and Britain

16. ALLIED POWERS Britain France Soviet Union United States China 53 other nations
AXIS POWERS Germany Italy Japan 20 other nations

19. Pearl Harbor Attack Video
“Yesterday, December 7th, a date which will live in infamy - the United States of America was suddenly and deliberately attacked by naval and air forces of the Empire of Japan. “

20. “Japan has therefore undertaken a surprise offensive extending throughout the Pacific area. The facts of yesterday and today speak for themselves. The people of the United States have already formed their opinions and well understand the implications to the very life and safety of our nation. Japan has therefore undertaken a surprise offensive extending throughout the Pacific area. The facts of yesterday and today speak for themselves. The people of the United States have already formed their opinions and well understand the implications to the very life and safety of our nation.”
“As Commander-in-Chief of the Army and Navy I have directed that all measures be taken for our defense, that always will our whole nation remember the character of the onslaught against us.”

21. “Hostilities exist. There is no blinking at the fact that our people, our territory and our interests are in grave danger.”
“With confidence in our armed forces, with the unbounding determination of our people, we will gain the inevitable triumph. So help us God. “
“I ask that the Congress declare that since the unprovoked and dastardly attack by Japan on Sunday, December 7th, 1941, a state of war has existed between the United States and the Japanese Empire.”
-President Franklin D. Roosevelt - December 8, 1941