1. Chemistry of Life
The Nature of Matter

2. What is matter?
Anything that takes up space and has mass.

3. What is an Atom
Matter consists of Atoms – the smallest unit that cannot be broken down.
Atoms consist of:
a. Protons (+)
b. Electrons (-)
c. Neutrons (0)

4. What is an element?
A substance made up of only one kind of atom- Ex: gold, zinc, carbon, oxygen, etc. (100+)
Elements all have a different # of protons in their nucleus (& electrons equals protons)

5. Ex. Carbon-12 (6 p + 6n) Carbon-14 (6p + 8n)
Isotopes!
Neutrons can vary – *ISOTOPES* – elements with different numbers of neutrons
Ex. Carbon-12 (6 p + 6n) Carbon-14 (6p + 8n)

6. Periodic table
A table that is arranged in increasing atomic number which is = to the number of PROTONS.
Elements are arranged left to right and top to bottom in order of increasing atomic number.  Order generally coincides with increasing atomic mass.

7. What happens when atoms bond?
They form compounds (when two or more different elements combine)
Ex. NaCl & H2O
Note: Atoms bond when their outermost shell is not full with electrons (first shell – holds 2 max and all others – holds 8 max)
3 Types …..

8. 1. What is a covalent bond? Form molecules SHARING electrons
Ex. :H2O, CO2, O2
Form molecules
O has 6 e- in outermost shell (yellow) and each H only has 1 e- (green) – therefore, O shares one e- with each H and they each share one with O.

9. 2. What is an ionic bond? TRANSFERING electrons
Ions form when atoms either gain (-) or lose electrons (+)
Opposites attract
NaCl (Salt!)
Na has only one e- in outermost shell, so it gives it away /transfers it & becomes a Na+ (ion)…Cl has 7 e- in outermost shell, so it accepts the e- and becomes a Cl – (ion) and opposites attract.

10. 3. What is a hydrogen bond?
The attractive force between the hydrogen and an electronegative atom of another molecule often oxygen.
In water, even though e- are shared, Oxygen is a “bully” and pulls the e- more towards it giving the O atom a (–)
charge and the H atoms a (+) charge…
POLAR

11. Your made of….

12. Chemical Reactions
Process by which atoms or groups of atoms are rearranged into different substances
Reactants  Products
Example: C6H12O6 + 6O2  CO2 + H2O
All reactions require ENERGY to start = Activation Energy

13. Bill Nye Atoms
Bill Nye the science guy