1. This section deals with how a stationary charge is formed.
ELECTROSTATICS
This section deals with how a stationary charge is formed.

2. ELECTROSTATIC FORCES + +
Similarly charged objects will repel each other. + +
The larger the charge the greater the force of repulsion. + +
Oppositely charged objects will attract each other. + -

3. Charging by Friction

4. Ebonite Rod: 4 protons and 4 electrons
No charge
Neutral
Fur: 4 protons and 4 electrons
No charge
Neutral
Initially both the ebonite rod and the fur are neutral, i.e they have equal numbers of protons and electrons.

5. This slide ONLY SHOWS the movement of electrons
REMEMBER:
Protons NEVER MOVE
Only
Electrons MOVE
There are still 4 protons in each substance and 8 electrons in total
As the two objects are rubbed together, enough energy by friction is generated to move some electrons around

6. Ebonite Rod: 4 protons and 5 electrons
1 more electron
Negatively Charged
Fur: 4 protons and 3 electrons
1 less electron
Positively Charged
Fur tends to lose its electrons easier than an ebonite rod, so ends up positive. The ebonite rod now has more electrons than protons and ends up with a net negative charge.

7. Insulators have no free electrons, so charge cannot flow through it.
In order to create a static charge on an object, the charge must be unable to flow away.
Insulators have no free electrons, so charge cannot flow through it.
If charged by friction, only the area that was rubbed will become charged.
Holding the other end with your hand will not discharge it, since the charge cannot flow to your hand.