1. Sustainability
Definition: The use and management of resources that allows full natural replacement of the resources exploited and full recovery of the ecosystems affected by their extraction and use.

2. Resilience
The resilience of a system measures how it responds to a disturbance
Resilience is the ability of a system to return to its initial state after a disturbance (Just like stability from last class)
Factors affecting Ecosystem Resilience
More complexity/biodiversity/genetic diversity = more resilient
Species with a wide geographical range= more resilient
Warmer Climates = more resilient
Higher reproduction rate = more resilient

3. Tipping Points
Definition:When an ecosystem experiences a shift to a new state with significant changes to its biodiversity and the services it provides
Characteristics
Long lasting
Positive Feedback
Threshold is hard to predict
Change is long lasting
Hard to reverse
Negative Feedback
Positive Feedback

4. Natural Capital and Natural Income
The goods and services the environment provides
Examples:
A Forest
A shoal of fish
A wetland
A coral reef
Natural Income
The way humans use natural capital
Timber for building
Food!
Flood control
Recreation/tourism

5. Ecological Footprints
Definition: The area of land and water required to provide resources sustainably at the rate at which they are being consumed by a given population
What if an ecological footprint is greater than the area available?
How does your EVS affect your footprint?

6. EIAs (From NEPA) Environmental Impact Assessment
A report prepared before a development or project to change the use of land.
Weighs advantages and disadvantages
Example: Turning a forest into a golf course
What is included in an EIA? (know this) ;)
Identify impact
Predict the scale of impact
Limit the effects of impact (mitigation)
Where did they come from?
1969 NEPA (National Environmental Policy act)
Why was this so important?