1. Weathering – What is it?
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13. The breaking of rock into smaller pieces.
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14. Either mechanical or chemical
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16. Wind

18. Water

20. Mechanical Weathering: Physically breaking rocks into smaller pieces without chemicals.
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21. Mechanical Weathering
Heat
Water
Ice
Pressure
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22. Mechanical Weathering
Heat
Water
Ice
Pressure
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23. Mechanical Weathering
Heat
Water
Ice
Pressure
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24. Mechanical Weathering
Heat
Water
Ice
Pressure
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25. Mechanical Weathering
Heat
Water
Ice
Pressure
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26. Water
It crashes into rocks and causes rocks to hit each other and become smaller and smoother.
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28. Round Rocks

29. Round Rocks
Mechanical
Weathering

30. What happens if you leave a can of soda in the freezer?

31. Answer! It will explode because water expands when frozen.
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33. The increase in volume of ice is about 9%.
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34. The increase in volume of ice is about 9%
The increase in volume of ice is about 9%. This increase causes enough force to break most rigid containers.
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35. The increase in volume of ice is about 9%
The increase in volume of ice is about 9%. This increase causes enough force to break most rigid containers. This is the same force, repeated on a daily basis, that creates frost heaves in the roads in the winter.
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40. Ice/Frost Wedging: Water enters cracks in the rocks, freezes, expands and breaks rocks.
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42. Creates cracks and holds which you can use to rock climb.
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45. What is this a picture of?

46. What is this a picture of?
Answer: This is a picture of the Old Man of the Mountain in Franconia Notch in the state of New Hampshire.

47. Draw the profile of the old man of the mountain in your journal.
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48. Draw the profile of the old man of the mountain in your journal.
A victim of weathering and ice wedging.
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53. Root Wedging: Plant roots enter a crack, grow and expand the crack.
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54. Root Wedging: Plant roots enter a crack, grow and expand the crack.
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55. Root Wedging: Plant roots enter a crack, grow and expand the crack.
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59. Which picture best represent ice wedging, and which picture best represents root wedging?
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60. Which picture best represent ice wedging, and which picture best represents root wedging?
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61. Root Wedging A B
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62. Root Wedging A B
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63. Root Wedging Ice / Frost WedgingA B
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64. Animal Activity: Animals mechanically wear away the rock.
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65. Effects of Animal Activity

66. Chemical Weathering
Chemical weathering-occurs when chemical reactions dissolve the minerals in rocks or changes them into different minerals (rusting, acid breakdown, etc)
Chemical Weathering
This cave was formed by slightly acidic water dissolving the limestone

67. Chemical Weathering
Natural Bridge Caverns in Texas

68. EROSION – the process by which natural forces move weathered rock and soil from one place to another.
Forces that cause erosion:
1. Gravity Waves
2. Wind Running water
3. Glaciers

69. Erosion
Galveston Texas before/after Hurricane Ike

70. Glacial Erosion
Movement of Glaciers change the land beneath the glacier

71. Kelleys Island Glacial Grooves

72. Wind Erosion
Shapes the land in areas where there are few plants to hold the soil in place (e.g. Desert)

73. Landslides
Landslides- a geological phenomenon which includes a wide range of ground movement, such as rock falls, deep failure of slopes and shallow debris flows, which can occur in offshore, coastal and onshore environments.

74. Deposition
The process of eroded earth materials (sediments) being deposited in a new location
Ex: delta-where sediment is deposited where a river flows into an ocean or lake builds up a landform
Ex: sand dune-a deposit of wind blown sand

75. Deposition
Desert winds sculpted these gentle swirls out of the limestone hills in Black Gap Wildlife Management Area, Texas. This remote, 100,000-acre (40,470-hectare) area in West Texas contains some of the lowest, driest, and hottest areas in the Chihuahuan Desert

76. Deposition Deposition area from the Rio Grande River
The Red River carries sediments, and drops some along the way