1. GROWTH & DEVELOPMENT
UNIT 3
TODDLER

2. INTRODUCTION

3. PARENTING TYPES
Laissez-Faire
Democratic
Autocratic

4. HEALTHY PARENTING Discipline goal
Knowledge of physical / cognitive abilities
Appropriate age characteristics
Offer choices
Rules
Role model
Respect

5. Healthy Parenting (cont)
Seek misbehavior reason
Patience
Control yourself
Be positive
Resources

6. COMMON PHYSICAL CHARACTERISTICS
1. slow & steady
2. > development than growth
3. Ht. – 4 inches/yr
4. Wt. – 4–6 lbs/yr.
Body Proportions
Face & Teeth
1. 2½ yrs = 20 teeth
Bone Development
Sensory

7. Characteristics (cont.)
Gross Motor Development
1. 16 – 18 months = walks alone
2. 2 yrs. = runs, jumps with both feet
3. jumps on 1 foot, alternate climbs steps

8. Characteristics (cont.)
Fine Motor Development
1. 16 – 18 months = objects in openings
2. 2 yrs. = tower of 6-7 blocks, undresses

9. ERIKSON PSYCHOSOCIAL TASK
Autonomy vs. Shame & Doubt
1. Autonomy
2. Shame & Doubt
3. Foster autonomy

10. FREUD PSYCHOSEXUAL STAGE
Anal stage

11. Cognitive Development
0 – 2 yrs. = Sensorimotor Stage
A. Trial & error
B. Perfecting sensory/motor skills
C. Object permanence

12. Cognitive Development (cont.)
2 – 7 yrs. = Preoperational Stage
A. Egocentric
B. Language skills, gestures, memory

13. Temper Tantrums
WHY?
PREVENTION
HELPFUL HINTS

14. Speech Development

15. Toilet Training

16. Timing factors Physical maturity Mental development Child’s health
Family attitude
Happenings around child

17. Readiness Signs Shows discomfort Connects wet pants to puddle on floor
Announcements
Wakes up dry

18. Readiness Signs (cont.)
Pauses, grimaces, clutches self
Patience to sit 5 – 10 minutes
Take off/put on own clothes
Communication
Curious

19. Principles of Toilet Training
Preparation
Process
Tips
Back up plan

20. Nutritional requirements
Calorie requirements
Eating habits
ac & mealtime activity
Food portions

21. Nutritional requirements (cont.)
Food temperature
Balanced diet
Snacks
Utensils
Seating equipment

22. Bedtime Rituals

23. Do’s & Don’t’s Set a bedtime Verbal / visual signs Expect delays
Be firm
Limit bed toys
Change routine gradually
Keep it simple
Normal hygiene
Not in bed with you

24. Importance of Play Exercise Stimulation Emotional tension relief
Teaching

25. Type of Play Parallel play Supervising the play A. Required
B. Takes time to learn to share
C. Suitable toys

26. Toddler Property Laws If I like it, it’s mine.
If it’s in my hands, it’s mine.
If I can take it from you, it’s mine.
If I had it a little while ago, it’s mine.
If it’s mine, it must never appear to be yours in any way.
If I’m doing or building something, all the pieces are mine.
If it looks like mine, it’s mine.

27. Safety Measures
Automobiles
Traffic
Burns
Falls
Suffocation

28. Safety Measures (cont.)
Choking
Poisoning
Drowning
Electrical shock
Animal bites
Personal safety

29. Suspected abuse
Article & questions for homework