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14 November 2012 Respiratory Physiology
Lab this week: EKGs and Blood Pressure. Bring calculator and textbook to lab. Wear clothes and shoes you can run in comfortably. Work on Hemorrhage Diagram!
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1QQ 27 for 8:30 Beginning with a loss of 1 liter of blood, diagram the sequence of events that leads to a change in the frequency of action potentials in baroreceptors. (No abbreviations allowed.)
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1QQ 27 for 9:30 Beginning with a loss of 1 liter of blood, diagram the sequence of events that leads to a change in the frequency of action potentials in baroreceptors. (No abbreviations allowed.)
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Respiration is the overall movement of gases between the outside environment and the internal cells.
Ventilation is the movement of air in and out of the lungs. Ventilation should be matched to metabolism. O2 CO2 CO2 O2 Carbon Dioxide reacts with water! CO2 + H20 ↔ H2CO3 ↔ H+ + HCO3- Carbonic Acid Bicarbonate So disturbances in gas exchange or ventilation are often associated with disruptions of pH. pH changes with Hypoventilation & Hyperventilation
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Gas Laws Dalton’s Law Total pressure = sum of partial pressures
PATM = P N2 + P O2 + P CO2 100% = 79% + 21% + <1% P O2 = 0.21 x 760mmHg = 160 Partial pressure of Oxygen in atmosphere at sea level is 160 mmHg Regardless of elevation, air is always 21% O2. N2 is physiologically inert; ignore except for decompression sickness Henry’s Law Gases dissolve in liquids in proportion to their partial pressure in the air in contact with that liquid air P O2 =160 mmHg liquid P O2 =160 mmHg
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Why the difference in partial pressures in Air and Alveoli?
Ventilation by Bulk Flow Gas exchange by Diffusion Where should the receptors be for the negative feedback loop for homeostasis? Gas exchange Gradient for CO2 is only 6 mmHg; CO2 is more soluble and permeable than O2
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Gas exchange All gases move by diffusion. Thus limited by:
Surface area Distance Concentration (partial pressure) gradient In the lung, gases must move from air to water and vice versa. The amount is proportional to Solubility (CO2 more soluble than O2) Temperature (colder fluids dissolve more gas) Pressure gradient
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Respiratory Physiology
The physics of air flow Flow in tubes 2) Ventilation Poiseulle’s equation
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Bronchitis= infection/inflammation of conducting airways
The Structure underlying the function: Upper Respiratory Tract Lower Respiratory Tract Intercostal muscles Bronchitis= infection/inflammation of conducting airways Asthma = smooth muscles contract →increase resistance to airflow in conducting airways.
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Greg R. and the story of spontaneous pneumothorax
Pneumothorax (unilateral due to each lung having its own compartment. Visceral pleura and parietal pleura separated by fluid-filled pleural cavity which allows lung and chest wall to slide relative to each other but remain adhered unless air enters the pleural cavity (which leads to collapse of the lung and outward expansion of chest wall on that side.) Greg R. and the story of spontaneous pneumothorax
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Sleep Apnea a)obstructive, b)central
Upper Tract Sleep Apnea a)obstructive, b)central & CPAP
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Continuous Positive Airway Pressure
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